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Carbon disulfide

Carbon disulfide
Carbon disulfide
Carbon-disulfide-3D-vdW.png
Names
IUPAC name
Methanedithione
Other names
Carbon bisulfide
Identifiers
75-15-0 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:23012 YesY
ChemSpider 6108 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.767
EC Number 200-843-6
KEGG C19033 N
PubChem 6348
RTECS number FF6650000
UNII S54S8B99E8 YesY
UN number 1131
Properties
CS2
Molar mass 76.13 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Impure: light-yellow
Odor Chloroform (pure)
Foul (commercial)
Density 1.539 g/cm3 (-186°C)
1.2927 g/cm3 (0 °C)
1.266 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Melting point −111.61 °C (−168.90 °F; 161.54 K)
Boiling point 46.24 °C (115.23 °F; 319.39 K)
0.258 g/100 mL (0 °C)
0.239 g/100 mL (10 °C)
0.217 g/100 mL (20 °C)
0.014 g/100 mL (50 °C)
Solubility Soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, oil, CHCl3, CCl4
Solubility in formic acid 4.66 g/100 g
Solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide 45 g/100 g (20.3 °C)
Vapor pressure 48.1 kPa (25 °C)
82.4 kPa (40 °C)
-42.2·10−6 cm3/mol
1.627
Viscosity 0.436 cP (0 °C)
0.363 cP (20 °C)
Structure
Linear
0 D (20 °C)
Thermochemistry
75.73 J/mol·K
151 J/mol·K
88.7 kJ/mol
64.4 kJ/mol
1687.2 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet See: data page
GHS pictograms The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)The exclamation-mark pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word Danger
H225, H315, H319, H361, H372
P210, P281, P305+351+338, P314
ICSC 0022
Highly Flammable F Toxic T Irritant Xi
R-phrases R11, R36/38, R48/23, R62, R63
S-phrases (S1/2), S16, S33, S36/37, S45
Inhalation hazard Irritant
Eye hazard Irritant
Skin hazard Irritant
NFPA 704
Flammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g., propane Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point −43 °C (−45 °F; 230 K)
102 °C (216 °F; 375 K)
Explosive limits 1.3%-50%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 3188 mg/kg (rat, oral)
>1670 ppm (rat, 1 hr)
15500 ppm (rat, 1 hr)
3000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
3500 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
7911 ppm (rat, 2 hr)
3165 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)
4000 ppm (human, 30 min)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 20 ppm C 30 ppm 100 ppm (30-minute maximum peak)
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) ST 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) [skin]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 500 ppm
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Carbon dioxide
Carbonyl sulfide
Carbon diselenide
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
 Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Carbon disulfide is a colorless volatile liquid with the formula CS2. The compound is used frequently as a building block in organic chemistry as well as an industrial and chemical non-polar solvent. It has an "ether-like" odor, but commercial samples are typically contaminated with foul-smelling impurities.

Small amounts of carbon disulfide are released by volcanic eruptions and marshes. CS2 once was manufactured by combining carbon (or coke) and sulfur at high temperatures.

A lower-temperature reaction, requiring only 600 °C, utilizes natural gas as the carbon source in the presence of silica gel or alumina catalysts:

The reaction is analogous to the combustion of methane. It is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide. CS2 is highly flammable:

Global production/consumption of carbon disulfide is approximately one million tonnes, with China consuming 49%, followed by India at 13%, mostly for the production of rayon fiber. United States production in 2007 was 56,000 tonnes.

Compared to CO2, CS2 is more reactive toward nucleophiles and more easily reduced. These differences in reactivity can be attributed to the weaker π donor-ability of the sulfido centers, which renders the carbon more electrophilic. It is widely used in the synthesis of organosulfur compounds such as metam sodium, a soil fumigant and is commonly used in the production of the soft fabric viscose.

Nucleophiles such as amines afford dithiocarbamates:


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