Zhuang Zhou
| Zhuangzi (莊子) Zhuang Zhou (莊周) |
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| Born | c. 369 BC |
| Died | c. 286 BC |
| Era | Ancient philosophy |
| Region | Chinese philosophy |
| School | Taoism |
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Influenced
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| Zhuang Zhou | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 莊周 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 庄周 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 莊子 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 庄子 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | "Master Zhuang" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhuāng Zhōu |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Juang Jou |
| Wade–Giles | Chuang1 Chou1 |
| IPA | [ʈʂwáŋ ʈʂóu] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Jōng Jāu |
| Jyutping | Zong1 Zau1 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Tsong Tsiu |
| Middle Chinese | |
| Middle Chinese | tʂjang tʃjuw |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | *ts(r)ang tiw |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhuāngzǐ |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Juangtzyy |
| Wade–Giles | Chuang1-tzu3 |
| IPA | [ʈʂwáŋtsɨ̀] |
| Wu | |
| Romanization | Tzaõ-tzy |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Jōng-jí |
| Jyutping | Zong1-zi2 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Tsong-tzú; Tsng-tzú |
| Middle Chinese | |
| Middle Chinese | tʂjang-tzí |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | *ts(r)ang-tsәʔ |
Zhuang Zhou, often known as Zhuangzi ("Master Zhuang"), was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BC during the Warring States period, a period corresponding to the summit of Chinese philosophy, the Hundred Schools of Thought. He is credited with writing—in part or in whole—a work known by his name, the Zhuangzi, which expresses a philosophy of skepticism.
The only account of the life of Zhuangzi is a brief sketch in chapter 63 of Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian, and most of the information it contains seems to have simply been drawn from anecdotes in the Zhuangzi itself. In Sima's biography, he is described as a minor official from the town of Meng (in modern Anhui) in the state of Song, living in the time of King Hui of Liang and King Xuan of Qi (late 4th century BC). Sima Qian writes:
The validity of his existence has been questioned by some, including Russell Kirkland, who writes:
According to modern understandings of Chinese tradition, the text known as the Chuang-tzu was the production of a 'Taoist' thinker of ancient China named Chuang Chou/Zhuang Zhou. In reality, it was nothing of the sort. The Chuang-tzu known to us today was the production of a thinker of the third century CE named Kuo Hsiang. Though Kuo was long called merely a 'commentator,' he was in reality much more: he arranged the texts and compiled the present 33-chapter edition. Regarding the identity of the original person named Chuang Chou/Zhuangzi, there is no reliable historical data at all.
However, Sima Qian's biography of Zhuangzi pre-dates Guo Xiang (Kuo Hsiang) by centuries. Furthermore, the Han Shu "Yiwenzhi" (Monograph on literature) lists a text Zhuangzi, showing that a text with this title existed no later than the early 1st century CE, again pre-dating Guo Xiang by centuries.
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Wikipedia