Zhang Chunqiao
| Zhang Chunqiao | |
|---|---|
| Personal details | |
| Born |
1 February 1917 Heze, Shandong, China |
| Died | 21 April 2005 (aged 88) Beijing, People's Republic of China |
| Death cause | Pancreatic cancer |
| Penalties | Capital punishment (defer 2 years for execution)→Life imprisonment→18 years in jail |
| Zhang Chunqiao | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 张春桥 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 張春橋 | ||||||||||
|
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zhāng Chūnqiáo |
| Wade–Giles | Chang1 Ch'un1-ch'iao2 |
| IPA | [ʈʂáŋ ʈʂʰwə́ntɕʰjǎu] |
Zhang Chunqiao (Chinese: 张春桥; 1 February 1917 – 21 April 2005) was a prominent Chinese political theorist, writer, and politician. He came to the national spotlight during the late stages of the Cultural Revolution, and was a member of the Maoist radical group dubbed the "Gang of Four".
Born in Juye County, Shandong, Zhang worked as a writer in Shanghai in the 1930s and became closely associated with the city. After the Yan'an conference in 1938, he joined the Communist Party of China. With the creation of the People's Republic of China, he became a prominent journalist in Shanghai in charge of the Liberation Daily newspaper. He met Jiang Qing in Shanghai and helped to launch the Cultural Revolution.
Zhang first came to prominence as the result of his October 1958 Jiefang ("Liberation") magazine entitled “Destroy the Ideas of Bourgeois Legal Ownership.” Mao Zedong ordered the reproduction of the article in People’s Daily, and personally wrote an accompanying “Editor’s Note” giving the article his own mild approval. He was seen as one of Mao Zedong's full supporters as Mao became involved in an ideological struggle with rival leader Liu Shaoqi.
In February 1967, at the outset of the Cultural Revolution, Zhang organized the Shanghai Commune along with Wang Hongwen and Yao Wenyuan, essentially overthrowing the local government and party organization and becoming chairman of the city's Revolutionary Committee, which combined both the former posts of mayor and party secretary, until the latter post was restored in 1971. Zhang also initially served as one of the leaders of the Cultural Revolution Group, in charge of carrying out the Cultural Revolution around China. He spent much of the Cultural Revolution shuttling between Beijing and Shanghai.
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