Wang Hongwen
| Wang Hongwen | |||||||||||
| Chinese | 王洪文 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Wáng Hóngwén |
| Wade–Giles | Wang2 Hung2-wen2 |
| IPA | [u̯ǎŋ xʊ̌ŋu̯ə̌n] |
Wang Hongwen (December, 1935 – August 3, 1992), was a Chinese labour activist and politician who spent most of his career in Shanghai. He was an important political figure during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76). He was the youngest member of the far-left political clique called the "Gang of Four." During the Cultural Revolution, Wang rose from a member of the working class to become one of the foremost members of national leadership of the Communist Party of China.
At the pinnacle of his power he was the Vice-Chairman of the CCP, and ranked third in the Communist Party's hierarchy. Following Mao's death in 1976, Wang Hongwen was arrested and charged with "counterrevolutionary activity," then sentenced to life imprisonment in 1981.
Wang was born in a village in the outskirts of Changchun, Jilin Province. In the early 1950s he took part in the Korean War, and joined the Communist Party of China in 1953. After the war, he was sent to Shanghai to work in Shanghai No. 17 Cotton Textile Mill as the head of security guards regiment, where he met Zhang Chunqiao and became involved in a Red Guards group. He organized the Shanghai Commune in January 1967, and was elected to the Ninth Central Committee of the CCP.
At the 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Wang was elected a member of the Central Committee. Following the Lin Biao incident, Wang was put in charge of the investigation into the case in the Shanghai area, reporting directly to Mao. At the Tenth National Congress of the CCP in 1973, Wang Hongwen was elevated to Vice Chairman in the Central Committee, and a member of the Politburo Standing Committee, making him the third-highest-ranking member of the CCP, behind Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. All signs pointed to Wang being trained as Mao's successor.
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