Zayn al-Abidin
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Ali ibn Husayn علي بن حسين (Arabic) 4th Imam of Twelver and 3rd Imam of Ismaili Shia |
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| Born |
c. 4 January 659 (5 Sha'aban 38 AH) Or (15 Jumada al-awwal 36 AH) Kufa, Iraq or Medina,Hejaz |
| Died |
c. 20 October 713 (aged 54) (12 or 25 Muharram 95 AH) Medina, Umayyad Empire |
| Cause of death | Death by poisoning |
| Resting place |
Jannatul Baqi, Saudi Arabia 24°28′1″N 39°36′50.21″E / 24.46694°N 39.6139472°E |
| Title |
List
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| Term | 680–712 CE |
| Predecessor | Husayn ibn Ali |
| Successor | Muhammad al-Baqir according to the Twelver Shia, Zayd bin Ali according to the Zaidiyyah Shia. |
| Spouse(s) |
Fatimah bint Hasan Jayda al-Sindhi |
| Children |
Muhammad al-Baqir Zayd al-Shahid Umar al-Ashraf Ibn Ali-e-Zainul Abideen Hussain al-Asghar Ibn Ali-e-Zainul Abideen Abdullah Albahar Ibn Ali-e-Zainul Abideen Ali Al Asghar Ibn Ali-e-Zainul Abideen and two Daughters Umme Kulsoom and Khadija |
| Parent(s) |
Husayn ibn Ali Lady Shāhzanān (aka Shahr Banu) |
| Relatives |
Ali al-Akbar Ali al-Asghar Sakinah (Fatima al-Kubra) bint Husayn Fatima al-Sughra bint al-Husayn Ruqayyah |
Ali ibn Husayn (Arabic: علي بن الحسين) known as Zayn al-Abidin (the adornment of the worshippers) and Imam al-Sajjad (The Prostrating Imam), was the fourth Shia Imam, after his father Husayn, his uncle Hasan, and his grandfather Ali. Ali ibn Husayn survived the Battle of Karbala and was taken to the caliph in Damascus. Eventually, he was allowed to return to Medina, where he led a secluded life with a few intimate companions. Imam Sajjad's life and statements were entirely devoted to asceticism and religious teachings, mostly in the form of invocations and supplications. His famous supplications are known as Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya.
Ali ibn al-Husayn was born in Medina, modern-day Saudi Arabia, in the year 38/658–9. He may have been too young to have remembered his grandfather Ali; he was raised in the presence of his uncle Hasan and his father Husayn, Prophet Muhammad’s grandchildren. It is said that Ali ibn al-Husayn was related through his mother Shahrbanu, the daughter of Yazdegerd, to the last Sassanian King of Persia. Ali ibn al-Husayn was said to be Ibn al-Khiyaratayn, the "son of the best two (the Quraysh among the Arabs and the Persians among the non-Arabs)". According to some accounts, Ali ibn al-Husayn's mother was taken as a captive to Medina during the caliphate of Umar, who wanted to sell her. Ali instead suggested allowing her to choose a husband from among the Muslim men and paying her dowery from the public treasury. Umar agreed; she chose Ali’s son Husayn.
In 61/680, Muhammad's grandson Husayn ibn Ali and a small group of supporters and relatives were killed at the Battle of Karbala by the large military forces of the Umayyad caliph Yazid, to whom Husayn had refused to give an oath of allegiance. Zayn al-Abidin accompanied his father on a march toward Kufa; he was present at the Battle of Karbala but survived the battle because he was ill. Once the Umayyad troops had killed Husayn and his male followers, they looted the tents and took the skin upon which he was laying. It is said that Shemr was about to kill Zayn al-Abidin but his aunt Zaynab made Umar ibn Sa'ad, the Umayyad commander, spare his life. Zain al-Abidin and the enslaved women were taken to the caliph; eventually he was allowed to return to Medina. During the journey, he delivered speeches in Kufa and Damascus, and informed the people of his father's intentions.
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