Yinxu
| Yinxu | |
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The ruins of Yin, the capital (1350–1046 BC) of the Shang (Yin) dynasty
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| General information | |
| Country | China |
| Coordinates | 36°08′22″N 114°18′11″E / 36.13944°N 114.30306°ECoordinates: 36°08′22″N 114°18′11″E / 36.13944°N 114.30306°E |
| Official name | Yin Xu |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | ii, iii, iv, vi |
| Designated | 2006 (30th session) |
| Reference no. | 1114 |
| State Party | China |
| Region | Asia-Pacific |
| Yinxu | |||||||||||||||||||||
.svg)
"Yinxu" in Chinese characters
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| Chinese | 殷墟 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Literal meaning | "Ruins of Yin" | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Yīnxū |
| Wade–Giles | Yin1-hsü1 |
| IPA | [ín.ɕý] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Yān-hēui |
| Jyutping | Jan1-heoi1 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Ûn-hi |
Yinxu (modern IPA: [ín.ɕý]; Chinese: 殷墟; literally: "Ruins of Yin") is the site of one of the ancient and major historical capitals of China. It is the source of the archeological discovery of oracle bones and oracle bone script, which resulted in the recognition of the earliest known Chinese writing. The archeological remnants (or ruins) known as Yinxu represent the ancient city of Yin, the last capital of China's Shang dynasty which existed through eight generations for 255 years, and through the reign of 12 kings. Yinxu was discovered, or rediscovered, in 1899; it is one of China's oldest and largest archeological sites, and is an UNESCO World Heritage Site. Yinxu is located in northernmost Henan province near the modern city of Anyang, and near the Hebei and Shanxi province borders. Public access to the site is permitted.
In the Book of Documents, the "Pan Geng" chapter (which is believed to date from the late Spring and Autumn period), describes King Pan Geng moving the capital of the Shang dynasty. According to the Historical Records of Sima Qian, Pan Geng moved his capital from the north of the Yellow River to Bo , the capital of the Shang founder Tang, on the south side of the river. According to the Bamboo Annals, he moved the capital from Yān (present day Qufu, in present-day Shandong Province), to a site called Běimĕng (北蒙) and Yīn (). The name "Yin" is an ancient term referring to "vibrant music-making".
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