Yanzi chunqiu
| Author | (trad.) Yan Ying |
|---|---|
| Original title | 晏子春秋 |
| Country | Zhou dynasty (China) |
| Language | Classical Chinese |
| Subject | Narrative stories of Yan Ying |
| Published | c. 3rd century BC |
| Yanzi chunqiu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 晏子春秋 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Literal meaning | "Annals of Master Yan" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Yànzǐ chūnqiū |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Yanntzyy chuenchiou |
| Wade–Giles | Yen4-tzu3 ch'un1-ch'iu1 |
| IPA | [jɛ̂ntsɨ̀ ʈʂʰwə́ntɕʰjóu] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Aan-jí chēun-chāu |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Àn-tsú tshun-tshiu |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | *ʔˤe[n]-s tsəʔ tʰun tsʰiw |
The Yanzi chunqiu (Chinese: 晏子春秋), or Annals of Master Yan, is an ancient Chinese text dating to the Warring States period (475–221 BC) that contains a collection of stories, speeches, and remonstrations attributed to Yan Ying, a famous official from the State of Qi who served Duke Jing of Qi (r. 547–489 BC). It comprises 215 stories arranged into eight chapters, the first six chapters containing accounts of Yan Ying's remonstrations with the rulers he served, while the seventh chapter contains variants on stories from the first six chapters, and the eighth chapter has anti-Confucian episodes that the Han dynasty imperial librarian Liu Xiang—who compiled the received version of the Yanzi chunqiu in the late 1st century BC—considered to be inconsistent with the Chinese Classics. The Yanzi incorporates themes from both Confucianism and Mohism, and does not fit easily into any single philosophical tradition.
The first mention of the Yanzi chunqiu in a received work appears in the 62nd chapter of the ancient historian Sima Qian's late 2nd century BC work Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji 史記), the first of China's 24 dynastic histories. Sima states that many scholars of his generation had copies of the text, but does not mention any author for it. Contemporary sources indicate that, like many ancient Chinese texts, the Yanzi chunqiu anciently circulated in a variety of different versions and collections. In the late 1st century BC, the Han dynasty imperial librarian Liu Xiang edited thirty total Yanzi chunqiu chapters down to the eight chapters that compose the modern received text.
In 1972, a large cache of bamboo slip writings known as the Yinqueshan Han slips were discovered in a Han dynasty tomb near Linyi, Shandong Province. Among the slips, which date to the early 2nd century BC, were 18 stories from the Yanzi chunqiu, thus confirming historical accounts of the Yanzi chunqiu's early existence.
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