Xuanchuan
| Xuanchuan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Literal meaning | spread transmit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | xuānchuán |
| Wade–Giles | hsüan-ch'uan |
| Hakka | |
| Romanization | siên-chhòn |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Jyutping | syun1 cyun4 |
| Middle Chinese | |
| Middle Chinese | sjwendrjwen |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart |
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Revised Romanization | sŏnjŏn |
| McCune–Reischauer | seonjeon |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Revised Hepburn | senden |
The Standard Chinese word xuanchuan "dissemination; propaganda; publicity" originally meant "to announce or convey information" during the 3rd-century Three Kingdoms period, and was chosen to translate Russian propagánda in the 20th-century People's Republic of China, adopting the Marxist-Leninist concept of a "transmission belt" for indoctrination and mass mobilization (Shambaugh 2007: 26). Xuanchuan is the keyword for propaganda in the People's Republic of China and propaganda in the Republic of China.
The Chinese term xuanchuan compounds xuan "declare; proclaim; announce" and chuan or "pass (on); hand down; impart; teach; spread; infect; be contagious" (DeFrancis 2003: 1087, 124).
Numerous common Chinese words are based upon xuanchuan, such as: xuānchuánpǐn 宣傳品 "propaganda/publicity material", xuānchuánduì 宣傳隊 "propaganda team", xuānchuánhuà 宣傳畫 "propaganda poster", xuānchuándān 宣傳單 "propaganda slips/sheets", xuānchuángǔdòng 宣傳鼓動 "agitprop", and xuānchuán diànyǐng 宣傳電影 "propaganda film".
In lexicographic terminology, a bilingual dictionary provides "translation equivalents" (rather than "definitions") between the source and target languages. Sometimes words have complete equivalents, such as translating French as English ; but other times have partial or alternative equivalents, such as translating French as either the animal or the meat (Svensén 1993: 143-157). English propaganda and publicity are alternative equivalents for Chinese xuanchuan. The classical Chinese word qing "green; blue; black", representing the distinction of blue and green in various languages, is a better known example of Chinese-English alternative translations. Compare the color range across collocations like qīngcài 青菜 "green vegetables; greens", qīngjīn 青筋 "blue veins", qīngtiān 青天 "azure sky", qīngbù 青布 "black cloth", or qīngkèmǎ 青騍馬 "gray mare".
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