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Visigothic kingdom

Kingdom of the Visigoths
Regnum Visigothorum
418–c. 720
Greatest extent of the Visigothic Kingdom, c. 500 (shown in orange, territory lost after Vouille shown in light orange).
Capital Toulouse (until 507)
Narbonne
Barcelona
Toledo
Languages Vulgar Latin
Gothic (spoken among elite)
Religion Chalcedonian Christianity
Arianism
Government Monarchy
King
 •  418–419 Wallia
 •  418–451 Theodoric I
 •  466–484 Euric
 •  484-507 Alaric II
 •  511–526 Theoderic the Great
 •  714–c. 721 Ardo
History
 •  Sack of Rome 410
 •  Established 418
 •  Battle of the Catalaunian Plains 451
 •  Battle of Vouillé 507
 •  Invasion by the Umayyads 711
 •  Umayyad conquest of
Gallia Narbonensis
c. 720
 •  Battle of Covadonga 718 or 722
Area
 •  620-710 600,000 km² (231,661 sq mi)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Labarum.svg Western Roman Empire
Suebic Kingdom of Galicia
Francia
Umayyad Caliphate
Kingdom of Asturias Emblema del Reino de Asturias.svg
Today part of  Spain
 Portugal
 France
 Andorra
 Gibraltar
 Monaco
Carte historique des Royaumes d'Espagne et Portugal.jpg
Monarchs of
the Iberian
Peninsula
al-Andalus (taifas)
Aragon
Family tree
Asturias
Family tree
Castile
Family tree
Catalonia
Galicia
Granada
León
Family tree
Majorca
Navarre
Family tree
Portugal
Family tree
Spain
Medieval · Modern
Family tree
Suebi
Valencia
Viguera
Visigoths
Family tree

The Visigothic Kingdom or Kingdom of the Visigoths (Latin: Regnum Visigothorum) was a kingdom that occupied what is now southwestern France and the Iberian Peninsula from the 5th to the 8th centuries. One of the Germanic successor states to the Western Roman Empire, it was originally created by the settlement of the Visigoths under King Wallia in the province of Aquitaine in southwest France by the Roman government and then extended by conquest over all of the Iberian Peninsula. The Kingdom maintained independence from the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire, the attempts of which to re-establish Roman authority in Iberia were only partially successful and short-lived.

Sometimes referred to as the regnum Tolosanum or Kingdom of Toulouse after its capital Toulouse in modern historiography, the kingdom lost much of its territory in Gaul to the Franks in the early 6th century, save the narrow coastal strip of Septimania, but the Visigoth control of Iberia was secured by the end of that century with the submission of the Suebi. The kingdom of the 6th and 7th centuries is sometimes called the regnum Toletanum after the new capital of Toledo.

The ethnic distinction between the indigenous Hispano-Roman population and the Visigoths had largely disappeared by this time (the Gothic language lost its last and probably already declining function as a church language when the Visigoths converted to Catholicism in 589).Liber Iudiciorum (completed in 654) abolished the old tradition of having different laws for Romans and for Visigoths. Most of the Visigothic Kingdom was conquered by Arab Umayyad troops from North Africa in 711 AD, with only the northern reaches of Spain remaining in Christian hands. These gave birth to the medieval Kingdom of Asturias when a local landlord called Pelayo, most likely of Gothic origin, was elected Princeps by the Astures.


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