Upādāna
| Translations of Upādāna |
|
|---|---|
| English | clinging, grasping, attachment or fuel, material cause |
| Pali | upādāna |
| Sanskrit | उपादान, (upadana) |
| Burmese |
ဥပါဒါန် (IPA: [ṵ pà dàɴ]) |
| Chinese |
取 (Pinyin: qǔ) |
| Japanese |
取 (rōmaji: shu) |
| Korean |
취 (RR: chui) |
| Sinhala | |
| Tibetan |
ལེན་པ (Wylie: len.pa) |
| Vietnamese | 取 (thủ) |
| Glossary of Buddhism | |
Upādāna is a Vedic Sanskrit and Pali word that means "fuel, material cause, substrate that is the source and means for keeping an active process energized". It is also an important Buddhist concept referring to "attachment, clinging, grasping". It is considered to be the result of taṇhā (craving), and is part of the dukkha (suffering, pain) doctrine in Buddhism.
Upādāna is the Sanskrit and Pāli word for "clinging", "attachment" or "grasping", although the literal meaning is "fuel". Upādāna and taṇhā (Skt. tṛṣṇā) are seen as the two primary causes of suffering. The cessation of clinging leads to Nirvana.
In the Sutta Pitaka,the Buddha states that there are four types of clinging:
The Buddha once stated that, while other sects might provide an appropriate analysis of the first three types of clinging, he alone fully elucidated clinging to the "self" and its resultant suffering.
The Abhidhamma and its commentaries provide the following definitions for these four clinging types:
According to Buddhaghosa, the above ordering of the four types of clinging is in terms of decreasing grossness, that is, from the most obvious (grossest) type of clinging (sense-pleasure clinging) to the subtlest (self-doctrine clinging).
Buddhaghosa further identifies that these four clinging types are causally interconnected as follows:
This hierarchy of clinging types is represented diagrammatically to the right.
Thus, based on Buddhaghosa's analysis, clinging is more fundamentally an erroneous core belief (self-doctrine clinging) than a habitualized affective experience (sense-pleasure clinging).
In terms of consciously knowable mental experiences, the Abhidhamma identifies sense-pleasure clinging with the mental factor of "greed" (lobha) and the other three types of clinging (self-doctrine, wrong-view and rites-and-rituals clinging) with the mental factor of "wrong view" (ditthi). Thus, experientially, clinging can be known through the Abhidhamma's fourfold definitions of these mental factors as indicated in the following table:
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