Turkish War of Independence | |||||||
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Clockwise from top left: Delegation gathered in Sivas Congress to determine the objectives of the National Struggle; Turkish people carrying ammunition to the front; Kuva-yi Milliye infantry; Turkish horse cavalry in chase; The Turkish army entering Izmir; last troops gathered in Ankara Ulus Square leaving for the front. |
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Belligerents | |||||||
Grand National Assembly (after 1920) Kuva-yi Milliye (until 1920) |
Greece
United Kingdom (until 1920) Italy (1919-1921) |
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Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Mustafa Kemal Pasha Fevzi Pasha İsmet Pasha Kâzım Pasha Ali Fuat Pasha |
Anastasios Papoulas Georgios Hatzianestis Leonidas Paraskevopoulos Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan Henri Gouraud Süleyman Şefik Pasha |
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Strength | |||||||
May 1919: 35,000 Nov. 1920: 86,000 (creation of regular army) Aug. 1922: 271,000 |
80,000 (Dec. 1919) 1922: 200,000-250,000 20,000 60,000 7,000 (at peak) |
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Casualties and losses | |||||||
13,000 killed 22,690 died of disease 5,362 died of wounds or other non-combat causes 35,000 wounded 7,000 prisoners |
24,240 killed 18,095 missing 48,880 wounded 4,878 died outside of combat 13,740 prisoners 1,100+ killed 3,000+ prisoners ~7,000 |
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264,000 Greek civilians killed 60,000-250,000 Armenian civilians killed 15,000+ Turkish civilians killed in the western front |
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Notes
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DecisiveTurkish victory
Grand National Assembly (after 1920)
Kuva-yi Milliye (until 1920)
Bengali volunteers
Afghan volunteers
Supported by:
Greece
Armenia
France (until 1921)
Ottoman Empire