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Turkish Provisional Government

Government of the
Grand National Assembly
Büyük Millet Meclisi Hükûmeti
1920–1923
Flag
Flag
Motto
Ya istiklâl ya ölüm!
"Liberty or death!"
Situation in Turkey following the Treaty of Sèvres.
Capital Istanbul (de jure)
Ankara (de facto)
Languages Turkish
Government Provisional government
Speaker
 •  1920–1923 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
Prime Minister
 •  1920–1921 Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
 •  1921–1922 Fevzi Çakmak
 •  1922–1923 Rauf Orbay
 •  1923 Ali Fethi Okyar
Legislature Grand National Assembly
Historical era War of Independence
 •  Proclamation 23 April 1920
 •  Constitution adopted 20 January 1921
 •  Armistice signed 11 October 1922
 •  Sultanate abolished 1 November 1922
 •  Treaty of Lausanne 24 July 1923
 •  Republic proclaimed 29 October 1923
Population
 •  est. 6-7 million 
Currency Ottoman lira
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Ottoman Empire
Turkey
Today part of  Turkey
^a As "Speaker of the Grand National Assembly"
^b As "Commander-in-chief of Army of the Grand National Assembly" after 1921.

The Government of the Grand National Assembly (Turkish: Büyük Millet Meclisi Hükûmeti), commonly known as the Ankara Government (Turkish: Ankara Hükûmeti), was the name given to the provisional and revolutionary Turkish government based in Ankara during the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1923) and during the final years of the Ottoman Empire. It was led by the Turkish National Movement, as opposed to the crumbling Constantinople Government, which was led by the Ottoman Sultan.

During the War of Independence, the Government of the Grand National Assembly commanded the army known as Kuva-yi Milliye ("National Forces"). After the war and victory over the monarchist Constantinople Government, the republican Ankara Government declared the end of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of the Republic of Turkey from its ashes in 1923. The Grand National Assembly is today the parliamentary body of Turkey.

At the time the Ankara Government was proclaimed, there existed another Turkish government in the Allied-occupied Constantinople, namely the Imperial Ottoman Government, often known as the "Constantinople Government" (as opposed to the nationalist Ankara Government). Once the Grand National Assembly was established, on 23 April 1920, without rejecting at first the legitimacy of the Ottoman Sultanate, the new parliament in Ankara formed its own government within the Assembly. The Ministers were called "Vekil" (Acting) instead of the conventional "Nazır", to keep with the provisional nature of the government.


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