Tschad

Republic of Chad République du Tchad (French) جمهورية تشاد (Arabic) Jumhūrīyat Tshād
Flag Coat of arms
Motto:  "Unité, Travail, Progrès" (French) "Unity, Work, Progress" "الاتحاد، العمل، التقدم" (Arabic)
Anthem:  La Tchadienne  (French) The Chadian Hymn نشيد تشاد الوطني  (Arabic)
Location of  Chad  (dark green)
Capital and largest city	N'Djamena 12°06′N 16°02′E / 12.100°N 16.033°E / 12.100; 16.033
Official languages	French Arabic
Ethnic groups (2010)	27.7% Sara 12.3% Arab 10.5% Toubou 9.5% Mayo-Kebbi 9.0% Kanem-Bornou 8.7% Ouaddaï 6.7% Hadjarai 6.5% Tandjilé 4.7% Bilala 6.4% other 0.3% unknown
Demonym	Chadian
Government	Dominant-party presidential republic
• President	Idriss Déby
• Prime Minister	Albert Pahimi Padacké
Legislature	National Assembly
Independence
• from France	11 August 1960
Area
• Total	1,284,000 km2 (496,000 sq mi) (20th)
• Water (%)	1.9
Population
• 2015 estimate	13,670,084
• 2009 census	11,039,873
• Density	8.6/km2 (22.3/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$29.730 billion (123rd)
• Per capita	$2,439 (150th)
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$9.636 billion (130th)
• Per capita	$790 (151st)
Gini (2011)	43.3 medium
HDI (2015)	0.396 low · 186th
Currency	Central African CFA franc (XAF)
Time zone	WAT (UTC+1)
Drives on the	right
Calling code	+235
ISO 3166 code	TD
Internet TLD	.td

Coordinates: 15°N 19°E / 15°N 19°E / 15; 19

Chad (/tʃæd/; Arabic: تشاد‎‎ Tshād; French: Tchad pronounced [tʃa(d)]), officially the Republic of Chad (Arabic: جمهورية تشاد‎‎ Jumhūrīyat Tshād; French: République du Tchad lit. "Republic of the Chad"), is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest and Niger to the west. It is the fifth largest country in Africa in terms of area.

Chad has several regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanian Savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second-largest in Africa. The capital N'Djamena is the largest city.