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Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

Italian War of 1551–1559
Part of Italian Wars
Scannagallo Vasari.jpg
The Battle of Scannagallo in 1554 by Giorgio Vasari, in the Palazzo Vecchio of Florence.
Date 1551–59
Location France, Flanders, Italy and the Mediterranean
Result Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis; Spain is confirmed as the dominant power in Italy
Territorial
changes
Belligerents

 Kingdom of France

Republic of Siena

Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders

 Kingdom of France

Republic of Siena

The Italian War of 1551 (1551–1559), sometimes known as the Habsburg–Valois War and the Last Italian War, began when Henry II of France, who had succeeded Francis I to the throne, declared war against Holy Roman Emperor Charles V with the intent of recapturing Italy and ensuring French, rather than Habsburg, domination of European affairs. The war was the last of a series of wars between the same parties since 1521. Historians have emphasized the importance of gun powder technology, new styles of fortification to resist cannon fire, and the increased professionalization of the soldiers.

Henry II sealed a treaty with Suleiman the Magnificent in order to cooperate against the Habsburgs in the Mediterranean. This was triggered by the conquest of Mahdiya by the Genoese Admiral Andrea Doria on 8 September 1550, for the account of Charles V. The alliance allowed Henry II to push for French conquests towards the Rhine, while a Franco-Ottoman fleet defended southern France.


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