Tanukhid
| Tanukh | |||||
| Tribe | |||||
|
|||||
| Capital | Not specified | ||||
| Religion | Semitic Paganism, Christianity, Islam | ||||
| Government | Chiefdom | ||||
| Chief | |||||
| • | 196-231 AD | Malik ibn Fahm | |||
| • | 233-268 AD | Jadhima ibn Malik | |||
| • | 375-425 AD | Queen Mavia | |||
| Historical era | Classical Age to the Early Middle Ages | ||||
| • | Established | 3rd century BCE Unknown | |||
| • | Conversion to Christianity | 3rd or 4th Century | |||
| • | Revolt of Queen Mavia | 378 AD | |||
| • | Coverison to Islam | 8th Century | |||
| • | First Crusade | 1096-1099 AD | |||
| • | Disestablished | c.1100 AD Unknown | |||
| b. | ... | ||||
The Tanûkhids (Arabic: التنوخيون) or Tanukh (Arabic: تنوخ) were originally from the Nabataean confederation of Arab tribes, sometimes characterized as Saracens. They first rose to prominence in northern Arabia and south of Syria in the 3rd century BC. Both Lakhmid and Tanukhid inscriptions have been found at Umm el-Jimal in Jordan and Nimreh in Syria. The ancient Tanukhid tribal confederation was largely taken over by the Nabataeans.
In the late 2nd century, a branch of the tribe of Nat, from Southern Jordan, migrated to Hauran where Tanukhids were settling. The Taies allied with the Tanukhids, becoming part of the confederation. The two Tanukhid sheikhs gave up the rule to Malik ibn Fahm (196-231), who led them into what is now Iraq and Syria, and after skirmishing with other tribes in the area, he controlled all of Jordan, and parts of Iraq, he was succeeded by his brother 'Amr ibn Fahm who reigned for a short period, and after him Jadhima ibn Malik reigned (233-268). After Jadhima's death, he was succeeded by his sister's son 'Amr ibn Adi, a Lakhmid, because Jadhima had no sons, thus establishing the Lakhmid dynasty. Other Tanukhids settled in Syria. 'Amr ibn 'Adi is attested in the Arab legends to have been the sole victor in the war against Zenobia's Palmyrene Empire, but these myths "are probably an amalgam of fact and fiction."
In the 4th century CE, the Tanukhids formed a major grouping of Rome's allies in the East, ranging from Syria in the north to the Gulf of Aqaba, areas into which they had migrated from southern Arabia after the rise of Sassanian influence in Yemen a century earlier.They are reported to have been devoted to Christianity, Thomas the Apostle and monasticism, with many monasteries associated with the tribe. The Tanukhids played a key role in the defeat of Zenobia's forces by Emperor Aurelian and served as foederati in the Roman East - the first Arab tribe to do so. In 378, their Queen Mavia led them in a revolt against Emperor Valens. A truce was struck and was respected for a time, with Mavia even sending a fleet of cavalry in response to Roman requests for assistance in staving off an attack by the Goths. The alliance crumbled under Theodosius I, with the Tanukhids again revolting against Roman rule.
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Wikipedia