First Crusade

First Crusade
Part of the Crusades
Miniature of the Siege of Jerusalem (1099) (14th century, BNF Fr. 22495 fol. 69v). Godfrey of Bouillon is using a siege tower to assault the walls.
Date 1095–1099 Location Mostly Levant and Anatolia Result Crusader victory Territorial changes The Capture of Jerusalem Creation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and other Crusader states
Belligerents
Kingdom of France Blois Toulouse Boulogne Flanders Kingdom of England Normandy Le Puy-en-Velay Vermandois Brittany Republic of Genoa Armenian Cilicia County of Sicily Taranto Roman (Byzantine) Empire	Seljuk Sultanate Danishmends Fatimid Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate
Commanders and leaders
German Contingent: Godfrey of Bouillon Baldwin of Boulogne Southern French Contingent: Raymond IV of Toulouse Adhemar of Le Puy Hugh I of Vermandois Northern French Contingent: Stephen II of Blois Robert II of Flanders Robert II of Normandy Norman-Italian Contingent Bohemond of Taranto Tancred of Hauteville Eastern Leaders: Alexios I Komnenos Tatikios Manuel Boutoumites Constantine of Armenia Others: Guglielmo Embriaco	Kilij Arslan I Yaghi-Siyan Kerbogha Duqaq Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan Ghazi ibn Danishmend Iftikhar ad-Daula Al-Afdal Shahanshah
Strength
Crusaders: ~ 35,000 men · 30,000 infantry 5,000 cavalry knights Byzantines: ~ 2,000 men	Unknown
Casualties and losses
Moderate to High (estimates vary)	High

German Contingent:

Southern French Contingent:

Northern French Contingent:

Norman-Italian Contingent

Eastern Leaders:

Others:

Crusaders:
~ 35,000 men ·

Byzantines:

The First Crusade (1095–1099) was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to capture the Holy Land, called by Pope Urban II in 1095. It started as a widespread pilgrimage in western Christendom and ended as a military expedition by Roman Catholic Europe to regain the Holy Land taken in the Muslim conquests of the Levant (632–661), ultimately resulting in the capture of Jerusalem in 1099.

It was launched on 27 November 1095 by Pope Urban II with the primary goal of responding to an appeal from Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, who requested that western volunteers come to his aid and help to repel the invading Seljuk Turks from Anatolia. An additional goal soon became the principal objective—the Christian reconquest of the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and the freeing of the Eastern Christians from Muslim rule.

During the crusades, nobility, knights, peasants and serfs from many regions of Western Europe travelled over land and by sea, first to Constantinople and then on towards Jerusalem. The Crusaders arrived at Jerusalem, launched an assault on the city, and captured it in July 1099, massacring many of the city's Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. They also established the crusader states of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the County of Tripoli, the Principality of Antioch, and the County of Edessa.

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