Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm

Sultanate of Rum
Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti سلجوقیان روم
Sultanate
1077–1308
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Expansion of the Sultanate in c. 1100–1240.
Capital		Nicaea (İznik) Iconium (Konya) Sivas
Languages		Persian (official, court, literature) Old Anatolian Turkish Greek (court/chancery)
Political structure		Sultanate
Sultan
•	1077–1086	Suleiman ibn Qutulmish
•	1303–1308	Mesud II
History
•	Division from the Seljuq Empire	1077
•	Battle of Köse Dağ	1243
•	death of Mesud II	1308
•	Karamanid conquest	1328
Area
•	1243	400,000 km² (154,441 sq mi)
Preceded by Succeeded by Seljuk Empire Danishmends Mengujekids Saltukids Artuqids Anatolian beyliks Ottoman Empire Ilkhanate Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

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The Sultanate of Rûm (also known as Rûm sultanate Persian: Saljūqiyān-i Rūm سلجوقیان روم‎‎, Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate, Sultanate of Iconium, Anatolian Seljuk State Turkish: Anadolu Selçuklu Devleti or Turkey Seljuk State Turkish: Türkiye Selçuklu Devleti) was a Turko-PersianSunni Muslim state, established in the parts of Anatolia which had been conquered from the Byzantine Empire by the Seljuk Empire which was established by Seljuk Turks. The name Rûm reflects the Arabic name of Anatolia, الرُّومُ ar-Rūm, a loan from Greek Ρωμιοί "Romans".

The Sultanate of Rum seceded from the Great Seljuk Empire under Suleiman ibn Qutulmish in 1077, following the Battle of Manzikert, with capitals first at İznik and then at Konya. It reached the height of its power during the late 12th and early 13th century, when it succeeded in taking Byzantine key ports on the Mediterranean and Black Sea coasts. In the east, the sultanate absorbed other Turkish states and reached Lake Van. Trade from Iran and Central Asia across Anatolia was developed by a system of caravanserai. Especially strong trade ties with the Genoese formed during this period. The increased wealth allowed the sultanate to absorb other Turkish states that had been established in eastern Anatolia (Danishmends, Mengujekids, Saltukids, Artuqids).