Sunan Gunungjati
| Syarif Hidayatullah | |
|---|---|
| Reign | (1479-1568) |
| Predecessor | Prince Cakrabuana |
| Successor | Panembahan Ratu |
| Born | 1448 Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt |
| Died | 19 September 1568 Pakungwati Palace, Sultanate of Cirebon |
| Burial | Gunung Sembung cemetery, Gunung Jati, Cirebon. |
| Spouse | Nyai Ratu Dewi Pakungwati Nyai Ratu Kawunganten Nyai Babadan Nyai Ageng Tepasari Nyai Lara Baghdad Ong Tien Nio |
| Issue |
|
| Dynasty | Hashemite |
| Father | Syarif Abdullah of Egypt |
| Mother | Lara Santang |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Sunan Gunungjati (1448 – 19 September 1568) was one of the Wali Songo, or nine saints of Islam revered in Indonesia. He founded the Sultanate of Banten, as well as the Sultanate of Cirebon on the north coast of Java. He was born Syarif Hidayatullah (Arabic: شريف هداية الله Sharīf Hidāyah Allāh in 1448 CE: the child of a dynastic union between Syarif Abdullah Maulana Huda, an Egyptian of Hashemite descent, and Nyai Rara Santang, daughter of the Prabu Siliwangi, King of Sunda ( Pajajaran ). As such, Syarif Hidayatullah could claim descent, on his paternal side, from the Islamic prophet Muhammad, through his daughter, Fatima; and on his mother's side, a Hindu Devaraja of Sunda.
There is much historical uncertainty as to his early life and later career in the Indonesian Archipelago. Some say that he was born in Pasai, one of the earliest centres of Islam in Southeast Asia; whilst others say that he was born in Pajajaran, capital of his maternal grandfather's Kingdom of Sunda. He is reported to have married a sister of Trenggono, Sultan of Demak, and to have led military expeditions for Demark against Sunda. As Fatahillah - so the story goes - he defeated the Portuguese at their base in Sunda Kelapa, and renamed it Jayakarta in 1527. To this day, his victory over the Portuguese is commemorated as the official anniversary of the founding of Jakarta. The many conflicting stories about Sunan Gunungjati led some scholars to conclude that he might be a conflation of more than one historical figure.
Syarif Hidayatullah studied Islam under the guidance of venerated scholars in Egypt, some of whom probably included leading Sufis, during his fourteen years of peregrinations overseas. It is assumed that he must have also undertaken his pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina.
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