Sun Yat-Sen
| Sun Yat-Sen | |||||||||||||||||
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| 孫中山 / 孫逸仙 other names |
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| Provisional President of the Republic of China | |||||||||||||||||
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In office 1 January 1912 – 10 March 1912 |
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| Vice President | Li Yuanhong | ||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Puyi (Emperor of China) | ||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Yuan Shikai | ||||||||||||||||
| Premier of the Kuomintang of China | |||||||||||||||||
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In office 10 October 1919 – 12 March 1925 |
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| Preceded by | Himself (as Premier of Chinese Revolutionary Party) | ||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Zhang Renjie (as chairman) | ||||||||||||||||
| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||
| Born |
12 November 1866 Xiangshan County, Guangdong, Great Qing |
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| Died | 12 March 1925 (aged 58) Beijing, Republic of China |
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| Resting place | Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Nanjing, Jiangsu | ||||||||||||||||
| Nationality | Chinese | ||||||||||||||||
| Political party | Kuomintang | ||||||||||||||||
| Other political affiliations |
Chinese Revolutionary Party | ||||||||||||||||
| Spouse(s) |
Lu Muzhen (1885–1915) Kaoru Otsuki (1903–1906) Soong Ching-ling (1915–1925) |
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| Domestic partner | Chen Cuifen (1892–1925) | ||||||||||||||||
| Children |
Sun Fo Sun Yan Sun Wan Fumiko Miyagawa (b. 1906) |
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| Alma mater | Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese | ||||||||||||||||
| Occupation | Physician Politician Revolutionary Writer Calligrapher |
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| Religion | Congregationalist | ||||||||||||||||
| Signature |  |
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 孫逸仙 | ||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 孙逸仙 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Alternative Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 孫中山 | ||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 孙中山 | ||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Sūn Yìxiān |
| Wade–Giles | Sun1 I4-hsien1 |
| IPA | [swə́n î.ɕjɛ́n] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Syūn Yaht-sīn |
| Jyutping | Syun1 Jat6-sin1 |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Sūn Zhōngshān |
| Wade–Giles | Sun1 Chung1-shan1 |
| IPA | [swə́n ʈʂʊ́ŋ.ʂán] |
Sun Yat-sen (/ˈsʊn ˈjɑːtˈsɛn/; 12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925) was a Chinese physician, writer, philosopher, calligrapher and revolutionary, the first president and founding father of the Republic of China. As the foremost pioneer of the Republic of China, Sun is referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in the Republic of China (ROC), Hong Kong, Macau and the "forerunner of democratic revolution" in People's Republic of China (PRC). Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution. He was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Nationalist Party of China, serving as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and he remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Although Sun is considered to be one of the greatest leaders of modern China, his political life was one of constant struggle and frequent exile. After the success of the revolution, he quickly resigned from his post as President of the newly founded Republic of China due to Beiyang Clique pressure, and led successive revolutionary governments as a challenge to the warlords who controlled much of the nation. Sun did not live to see his party consolidate its power over the country during the Northern Expedition. His party, which formed a fragile alliance with the Communists, split into two factions after his death.
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