Punjab | ||
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State | ||
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Location of Punjab in India |
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Coordinates (Chandigarh): 30°47′N 75°50′E / 30.79°N 75.84°ECoordinates: 30°47′N 75°50′E / 30.79°N 75.84°E | ||
Country | India | |
Capital | Chandigarh | |
Largest city | Ludhiana | |
Districts | 22 | |
Government | ||
• Governor | V P Singh Badnore | |
• Chief Minister | Amarinder Singh (INC) | |
• Legislature | Unicameral (117 seats) | |
• Parliamentary constituency | 13 | |
• High Court | Punjab and Haryana High Court | |
Area | ||
• Total | 50,362 km2 (19,445 sq mi) | |
Area rank | 20th | |
Highest elevation | 551 m (1,808 ft) | |
Lowest elevation | 150 m (490 ft) | |
Population (2011) | ||
• Total | 27,704,236 | |
• Rank | 16th | |
• Density | 550/km2 (1,400/sq mi) | |
Demonym(s) | Punjabi | |
Time zone | IST (UTC+05:30) | |
ISO 3166 code | IN-PB | |
HDI | 0.679 (medium) | |
HDI rank | 9th (2005) | |
Official language | Punjabi | |
Website | punjab |
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^† Joint Capital with Haryana |
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Symbols of Punjab | ||
Emblem | Lion Capital of Ashoka with Wheat stem (above) and Crossed Swords (below) | |
Language | Punjabi | |
Dance | Bhangra, Giddha | |
Animal | Blackbuck | |
Bird | Baaz(Accipiter gentilis) |
Population Growth | |||
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Census | Pop. | %± | |
1951 | 9,161,000 |
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1961 | 11,135,000 | 21.5% | |
1971 | 13,551,000 | 21.7% | |
1981 | 16,788,915 | 23.9% | |
1991 | 20,281,969 | 20.8% | |
2001 | 24,289,296 | 19.8% | |
2011 | 27,704,236 | 14.1% | |
source:Census of India |
^† Joint Capital with Haryana
Punjab (/pʌnˈdʒɑːb/) is a state in northern India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir to the north, Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast, Rajasthan to the southwest, and the Pakistan province of Punjab to the west. The state capital is located in Chandigarh, a Union Territory and also the capital of the neighbouring state of Haryana.
After the partition of India in 1947, the Punjab province of British India was divided between India and Pakistan. The Indian Punjab was divided on the basis of language in 1966. It was divided into 3 parts. Haryanvi speaking areas (dialect of Hindi) were carved out as Haryana, Hilly regions and Pahari speaking areas formed Himachal Pradesh alongside the current state of Punjab.
Punjab is the only Sikh majority state in India with Sikhs comprising 58% of the population as of 2011.Hindu community is the second major population in Punjab.
Agriculture is the largest industry in Punjab. Other major industries include the manufacturing of scientific instruments, agricultural goods, electrical goods, financial services, machine tools, textiles, sewing machines, sports goods, starch, tourism, fertilisers, bicycles, garments, and the processing of pine oil and sugar. Punjab has the largest number of steel rolling mill plants in India, which are located in "Steel Town"—Mandi Gobindgarh in the Fatehgarh Sahib district.