Sonora, Mexico

Sonora
State
Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora
Flag Seal
State of Sonora within Mexico
Coordinates: 29°38′46″N 110°52′08″W / 29.64611°N 110.86889°W / 29.64611; -110.86889Coordinates: 29°38′46″N 110°52′08″W / 29.64611°N 110.86889°W / 29.64611; -110.86889
Country	Mexico
Capital	Hermosillo
Largest City	Hermosillo
Municipalities	72
Admission	January 10, 1824
Order	12th
Government
• Governor	Claudia Pavlovich
• Senators	Anabel Acosta Islas Ernesto Gándara Camou Alfonso Búrquez Valenzuela
• Deputies	Federal Deputies • Manuel Acosta • Jesús Cano Vélez • Ernesto De Lucas • Rogelio Manuel Díaz • José Luis León • Onésimo Mariscales • Ernesto Pompa • María Dolores del Río • Leonardo Guillén • Marcos Pérez Esquer • Enrique Torres • Evelyn Trigueras • Samuel Moreno Terán
Area
• Total	179,355 km2 (69,249 sq mi)
	Ranked 2nd
Highest elevation	2,620 m (8,600 ft)
Population (2015)
• Total	2,850,330
• Rank	18th
• Density	16/km2 (41/sq mi)
• Density rank	27th
Demonym(s)	Sonorense
Time zone	MST (UTC−7)
Postal code	83–85
Area code	Area codes • 622 • 623 • 631 • 632 • 633 • 634 • 637 • 638 • 641 • 642 • 643 • 644 • 645 • 647 • 651 • 653 • 662
ISO 3166 code	MX-SON
HDI	0.776 High Ranked 3rd of 32
GDP	US$ 16,416,142.57 th
Website	www.sonora.gob.mx
^ a. Joined to the federation under the name of Estado de Occidente (Western State) also recognized as Sonora y Sinaloa. ^ b. The state's GDP was $210,126,625 thousand of pesos in 2008, amount corresponding to $16,416,142.57 thousand of dollars, being a dollar worth 12.80 pesos (value of June 3, 2010).

^ a. Joined to the federation under the name of Estado de Occidente (Western State) also recognized as Sonora y Sinaloa.

Sonora (Spanish pronunciation: [soˈnoɾa]), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Sonora (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora), is one of 31 states that, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into 72 municipalities; the capital city is Hermosillo. Sonora is located in Northwest Mexico, bordered by the states of Chihuahua to the east, Baja California to the northwest and Sinaloa to the south. To the north, it shares the U.S.–Mexico border with the states of Arizona and New Mexico, and on the west has a significant share of the coastline of the Gulf of California.

Sonora's natural geography is divided into three parts: the Sierra Madre Occidental in the east of the state; plains and rolling hills in the center; and the coast on the Gulf of California. It is primarily arid or semiarid deserts and grasslands, with only the highest elevations having sufficient rainfall to support other types of vegetation.

Sonora is home to eight indigenous peoples, including the Mayo, the Yaqui, and Seri. It has been economically important for its agriculture, livestock (especially beef), and mining since the colonial period, and for its status as a border state since the Mexican–American War. With the Gadsden Purchase, Sonora lost more than a quarter of its territory. From the 20th century to the present, industry, tourism, and agribusiness have dominated the economy, attracting migration from other parts of Mexico.

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