Simko Shikak revolt

Simko Shikak Revolt
Part of 1921 Persian coup d'état, Kurdish movement in Iran and Assyrian genocide
Simko (center)
Date 1919 to 1922 Location North-Western Iran Result Revolt suppressed: New Iranian leadership led by Reza Khan suppresses the revolt in 1922 Another attempt by Simko in 1926
Belligerents
Rebels Irregular Kurdish militias Ottoman soldiers and mercenaries	Iran Qajars (1919–1921) Pahlavis (1921–1922)
Commanders and leaders
Simko Shikak Seyyed Taha Shamzini	Amir Ershad Reza Khan Mirpanj
Strength
1,000 (early stage) – 5,000 (later stage) Several hundred Ottoman soldiers and Turkish mercenaries	10,000
Casualties and losses
2,500 killed, captured and wounded	200 killed, captured and wounded
Total: 5,000 killed

Revolt suppressed:

Rebels

Iran

Simko Shikak

Amir Ershad

The Simko Shikak revolt refers to an armed Ottoman-backed tribal Kurdish uprising against the Qajar dynasty of Iran from 1918 to 1922, led by Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak from the Shekak tribe.

After Brigadier-General Reza Khan deposed the Qajars in an 1921 coup, he defeated Simko Shikak as well as several prominent rebel commanders such as Kuchik Khan and Colonel Pessian during the Iranian events of 1921. The Shikak rebellion resulted in some 5,000 killed, including many Assyrian civilians, who were massacred by Simko's forces.

In March 1918, under the pretext of meeting for the purpose of cooperation, Simko arranged the assassination of the Assyrian Nestorian patriarch, Mar Shamon, ambushing him and his 150 guards, as Mar Shimon was entering his carriage. The patriarchal ring was stolen at this time and the body of the patriarch was only recovered hours later, according to the eye-witness account of Daniel d-Malik Ismael.

After the murder of Mar Shimun, the Hakkari Christians took revenge on the Muslim population of Salmas and most of the villages of Salmas County, while Simko and his men massacred Assyrians in Khoy. Christian brigades terrorized Christians as well as Muslims. A missionary described this period as a reign of terror for Muslims hard to imagine. Simko also instigated the massacre of 1,000 Christians in Salmas.

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Wikipedia