The suburb is sparsely populated, consisting of mostly bushland, including some residential properties on acreage. The presence of multiple protected areas is notable, preserving the region's natural eucalyptus forests, and protecting endangered species such as the koala.

Tingalpa Creek flows through the western edge of the suburb, forming a border between the City of Brisbane.

The Sheldon name likely originated from the village of the same name in Devon, United Kingdom, which itself came from an Old English word meaning "steep-sided hill and wooden valley".

As a largely uninhabited rural area, the suburb of Sheldon only came into being in the year 1980. It combined the southern and northern portions of neighbouring suburbs Capalaba and Mount Cotton, respectively.

In the 2011 Census, the population of Sheldon was 1,690, of which 49.5% were female and 50.5% were male. The median/average age of the Sheldon population is 42 years of age, 5 years above the Australian average.

80.5% of people living in Sheldon were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England (7%), New Zealand (2.6%), South Africa (1%,) Scotland (0.8%), and India (0.5%). 94.5% of people speak English as their first language, while some residents speak German (0.6%), Spanish (0.5%), Serbian (0.4%), Italian (0.4%), and Greek (0.4%).

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