Shangqiu
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Shangqiu 商丘市 |
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|---|---|
| Prefecture-level city | |
 Shangqiu Prefecture in Henan |
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 Shangqiu
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| Coordinates: 34°25′N 115°39′E / 34.417°N 115.650°ECoordinates: 34°25′N 115°39′E / 34.417°N 115.650°E | |
| Country | China |
| Province | Henan |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 10,704 km2 (4,133 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,697 km2 (655 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,697 km2 (655 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 50 m (165 ft) |
| Population (2010 Census) | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 7,362,975 |
| • Density | 690/km2 (1,800/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,536,392 |
| • Urban density | 910/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,536,392 |
| • Metro density | 910/km2 (2,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Postal Code | 476000 |
| Area code(s) | 370 |
| GDP | ¥55.7 billion (6.96 billion USD) (2005) |
| Major Nationalities | Han |
| County-level divisions | 9 |
| Township-level divisions | 116 |
| License plate prefixes | N |
| Website | shangqiu |
| Shangqiu | |||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese | 商丘 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Shāngqiū |
| Wade–Giles | Shang1-ch'iu1 |
| IPA | [ʂáŋtɕʰjóu] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Jyutping | Soeng1-jau1 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Siong-khu |
Shangqiu (Chinese: ), formerly romanized as Shangkiu, is a city in eastern Henan province, Central China. It borders Kaifeng to the northwest, Zhoukou to the southwest, and the provinces of Shandong and Anhui to the northeast and southeast respectively. An ancient city with a rich history, Shangqiu was also the first capital of the Shang dynasty. Its population was 7,362,975 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 1,536,392 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made up of Liangyuan and Suiyang districts.
Once merely a small village, Shangqiu has grown significantly in recent years. It is important geographically because it lies at a junction of several major railways, making its train station a major regional transportation hub.
The history of Shangqiu is closely related to the very beginning of Chinese history. Tradition dates back to the Three August Ones and Five Emperors periods (c. 25th century BC), when the semi-legendary Emperors Shennong, Zhuanxu and Ku were said to be living in the present Shangqiu area. The son of Emperor Ku, Qi (), who helped Yu the Great to control floods, was enfeoffed the area of Shang (which is the current day Shangqiu area), who also became the ancestor of the ancient nationality of Shang. It is said that the Shang people first started trading with neighboring countries by shipping the goods with ox wagons. Since then, people doing business are called Shang people (Shāngrén 商人, means businessman), which is still the case now, although people are not likely to know the origin of the words. Shangqiu was also reportedly one of the capitals defended by the Xia emperor Xiang, troubled by rebellions in his reign. The thirteenth generation grandson of Qi (), Tang overthrew the ruling Xia Dynasty and founded the Shang Dynasty, with its first capital at Nanbo (南亳, currently south of Shangqiu). Around the 11th century BC, the Shang Dynasty was replaced by the Zhou Dynasty. The royal descendants of Shang Dynasty were enfeoffed the area of Shangqiu, which later became the state of Song.
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