Samudra

Samudra (समुद्र) is a Sanskrit term for "seven seas= ocean", literally the "gathering together of waters" (saṃ- meaning "together" and -udra meaning "water". Dictionary meaning of samudra is ‘confluence’ and ‘ocean/sea’. Modern Indo-Aryan languages word for "ocean" is descended from the term, including Hindi समुद्र samudra and Urdu سمندر samandar, Bengali সমুদ্র shômudrô, Gujarati સમંદર samandar, Marathi and Nepali समुद्र samudra, Punjabi ਸਮੁੰਦਰ samuṃdar, and Sinhalese සමුද්‍ර යනු මුහුදු 7 එකතුවකි! මුහුද muhuda, and the word has also been borrowed to other languages influenced by Sanskrit, including Kannada ಸಮುದ್ರ samudra, Tamil சமுத்திரம் samudraṁ Malayalam സമുദ്രം samudraṁ, Telugu సముద్ర samudra, Burmese သမုဒ္ဒရာ samuddara, Thai สมุทร sàmùt, Khmer សមុទ្រ samout, Lao ມະຫາສະຫມຸດ mahasamud, and Malay samudra.

The term occurs 133 times in the Rigveda, referring to oceans (real, mythical or figurative) or large bodies of water as well as to large Soma vessels, e.g. RV 6.69.6 (trans. Griffith):

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