Salmo trutta fario
| Riverine brown trout | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Salmo trutta forma fario | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Salmoniformes |
| Family: | Salmonidae |
| Genus: | Salmo |
| Species: | S. trutta |
| Form: | S. t. morpha fario Linnaeus, 1758 |
Salmo trutta morpha fario is the riverine form or the brown trout Salmo trutta that spends its entire life cycle in running water. While previously considered a distinct subspecies or even species, it is currently not considered to be taxonomically different from other ecological or migratory forms of the brown trout, i.e. the sea trout (Salmo trutta morpha trutta) or the lacustrine brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha lacustris). The fario morph is often referred to as river trout in Europe. Riverine brown trout average 20 to 80 centimetres (7.9 to 31.5 in) but can reach lengths of 1 metre (3.3 ft). They usually attain a weight of up to 2 kilograms, but sometimes up to 13 kilograms (29 lb). Their back is olive-dark brown and silvery blue, red spots with light edges occur towards the belly, the belly itself is whitish yellow. They can live for up to 18 years.
The native range of brown trout extends from northern Norway and White Sea tributaries in Russia in the Arctic Ocean to the Atlas Mountains in North Africa. The western limit of their native range is Iceland in the north Atlantic, while the eastern limit is in Aral Sea tributaries in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Brown trout have been widely introduced into suitable environments around the world, including North and South America, Australasia, Asia, and South and East Africa. Introduced brown trout have established self-sustaining, wild populations in many introduced countries. The first introductions were in Australia in 1864 when 300 of 1500 brown trout eggs from the River Itchen survived a four-month voyage from Falmouth, Cornwall, to Melbourne on the sailing ship Norfolk. By 1866, 171 young brown trout were surviving in a Plenty River hatchery in Tasmania. Thirty-eight young trout were released in the river, a tributary of the River Derwent in 1866. By 1868, the Plenty River hosted a self-sustaining population of brown trout which became a brood source for continued introduction of brown trout into Australian and New Zealand rivers. Successful introductions into the Natal and Cape Provinces of South Africa took place in 1890 and 1892, respectively. By 1909, brown trout were established in the mountains of Kenya. The first introductions into the Himalayas in northern India took place in 1868, and by 1900, brown trout were established in Kashmir and Madras.
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Wikipedia