Russia (empire)
| Russian Empire | ||||||||||
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 Flag
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Motto "S' nami Bog!" Съ нами Богъ! "God is with us!" |
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Anthem Bozhe, Tsarya khrani! Боже, Царя храни! "God Save the Tsar!" |
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Russian Empire at its peak:
Territory[a]
Protectorates and sphere of influence
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| Capital |
St. Petersburg (1721–28; 1730–1917) Moscow (1728–30) |
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| Languages |
Russian
Regional
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| Religion | Russian Orthodox | |||||||||
| Government |
Absolute monarchy (1721–1906) Constitutional monarchy (1906–17; only de jure) |
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| Emperor | ||||||||||
| • | 1721–1725 (first) | Peter I | ||||||||
| • | 1894–1917 (last) | Nicholas II | ||||||||
| • | 1905–1906 (first) | Sergei Witte | ||||||||
| • | 1917 (last) | Nikolai Golitsyn | ||||||||
| Legislature | Emperor along with the legislative assembly | |||||||||
| • | Upper house | State Council | ||||||||
| • | Lower house | State Duma | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Empire proclaimed by Peter I |
22 Oct [O.S. 11 Oct] 1721 | ||||||||
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Decembrist revolt took place |
26 Dec [O.S. 14 Dec] 1825 | ||||||||
| • | Emancipation reform proclaimed |
3 Mar [O.S. 19 Feb] 1861 | ||||||||
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1905 Revolution took place |
Jan–Dec 1905 | ||||||||
| • | Constitution adopted |
6 May [O.S. 23 Apr] 1906 | ||||||||
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February Revolution took place |
Feb–Mar 1917 | ||||||||
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Abdication of Nicholas II |
15 Mar [O.S. 2 Mar] 1917 | ||||||||
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Republic proclaimed by the Provisional Government |
14 Sep [O.S. 1 Sep] 1917 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1866 | 23,700,000 km2 (9,200,000 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1897 est. | 125,640,021 | ||||||||
| Currency | Ruble | |||||||||
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| Warning: Value specified for "" | ||||||||||
The Russian Empire (also known as Imperial Russia, Tsarist Russia and Pre-revolutionary Russia) was an empire that existed from 1721 until proclamation of the Republic by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
One of the largest empires in world history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in 1812–1814 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe and expanded to the west and south.
The House of Romanov ruled the Russian Empire from 1721 until 1762, and its German-descended cadet branch, the House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, ruled from 1762. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian Empire extended from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea in the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west to the Pacific Ocean, and (until 1867) into Alaska in North America on the east. With 125.6 million subjects registered by the 1897 census, it had the third-largest population in the world at the time, after Qing China and India. Like all empires, it included a large disparity in terms of economics, ethnicity, and religion. There were numerous dissident elements, who launched numerous rebellions and assassination attempts; they were closely watched by the secret police, with thousands exiled to Siberia.
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Wikipedia