Riau–Lingga Sultanate
| Riau-Lingga Sultanate Kesultanan Riau-Lingga (ms) كسلطانن رياوليڠڬ (jawi) Sultanaat van Riau en Lingga (nl) |
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| Dutch protectorate | ||||||||||
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 The dominion of Riau-Lingga Sultanate in red, including many islands in the South China Sea and enclaves on mainland Sumatra.
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| Capital |
Penyengat Inderasakti (Administrative 1824–1900) (Royal and admistrative 1900–1911) Daik (Royal 1824–1900) |
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| Languages | Malay | |||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | |||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||
| Sultan | ||||||||||
| • | 1819–1832 | Abdul Rahman | ||||||||
| • | 1832–1835 | Muhammad II | ||||||||
| • | 1835–1857 | Mahmud IV | ||||||||
| • | 1857–1883 | Sulaiman II | ||||||||
| • | 1885–1911 | Abdul Rahman II | ||||||||
| Yang Dipertuan Muda | ||||||||||
| • | 1805–1831 | Jaafar | ||||||||
| • | 1831–1844 | Abdul | ||||||||
| • | 1844–1857 | Ali II | ||||||||
| • | 1857–1858 | Abdullah | ||||||||
| • | 1858–1899 | Muhammad Yusuf | ||||||||
| Historical era | Dutch Empire | |||||||||
| • | Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 | 1824 | ||||||||
| • | Abolished by the Dutch | 1911 | ||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Indonesia Singapore
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Riau-Lingga Sultanate (Malay/Indonesian: Kesultanan Riau-Lingga, Jawi: كسلطانن رياو-ليڠڬ), also known as the Lingga-Riau Sultanate, Riau Sultanate or Lingga Sultanate was a Malay sultanate that existed from 1824 to 1911, before being dissolved following Dutch intervention.
The sultanate came into existence as a result of the partition of the Johor-Riau Sultanate that separated Peninsular Johor, together with the island of Singapore, from the Riau archipelago. This partition followed the succession dispute following the death of Mahmud III of Johor, when Abdul Rahman was crowned as the first Sultan of Riau-Lingga. The maritime kingdom was recognised by both the British and the Dutch following the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.
The Riau Archipelago became a part of the Malaccan Empire after the expansion by Tun Perak in the 15th century, following the decline of the Srivijaya Empire. After the fall of Malacca at the hands of the Portuguese, the axis of regional power was inherited by the Johor Sultanate. During the golden age of Johor, the kingdom stretched across half of the Malay Peninsular, eastern Sumatra, Singapore, Bangka, Jambi and the Riau Islands.
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Wikipedia