Research Clique
|
Progressive Party
進步黨 |
|
|---|---|
| Chairman | Li Yuanhong |
| Founded | 29 May 1913 |
| Dissolved | 1916 |
| Merger of |
Republican Party Democratic Party |
| Succeeded by | Research Clique |
| Ideology |
Chinese nationalism Conservatism Constitutionalism |
| Political position | Right-wing |
The Progressive Party (simplified Chinese: 进步党; traditional Chinese: 進步黨; pinyin: jìnbùdǎng; Wade–Giles: Chin-pu tang) was a political party in the Republic of China from 1913 to 1916.
Chinese constitutionalism was a movement that originated after the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895). A young group of intellectuals in China led by Kang Youwei argued that China's defeat was due to its lack of modern institutions and legal framework which the Self-Strengthening Movement had failed to deliver. They saw the recent rise of new powers such as Germany, Italy, and Japan coincide with their adoption of constitutions. By having a constitution as the basis for social and political organization, they surmise that all of China's ills could be repaired. Like the Chinese Nationalists, these constitutionalists underwent many name changes after they first coalesced following the end of the Hundred Days' Reform in 1898.
The Baohuanghui (保皇會) or Protect the Emperor Society was formed in Victoria, Canada on 20 July 1899 by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, the Hundred Days' Reformers who were exiled after the palace coup by Empress Dowager Cixi. The emperor they referred to was the Guangxu Emperor. In August 1900, they sponsored Tang Caichang's uprising in Hankou which failed disastrously and forced them to rethink their strategy. Also known as the Reform Association, they had to compete with their fellow outlaws, the Tongmenghui (同盟會) or Revolutionary Alliance led by Sun Yat-sen for influence and money in the Overseas Chinese community. The Baohuanghui's platform was constitutional monarchy and peaceful reform while the Tongmenghui wanted republic and revolution. In this respect, the Baohuanghui was more popular due to the traditional cultural mindset that abhorred disorder. Liang's support for peaceful reform was not consistent, he vacillated between violence and reform often.
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