Republic of the Rio Grande
| Republic of the Rio Grande | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| República del Río Grande | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized state | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Capital | Laredo | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Languages | Spanish | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Republic | |||||||||||||||||||||
| President | Jesús de Cárdenas | |||||||||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Siete Leyes | January 17, 1840 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| • | Camargo War | November 6, 1840 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Area | 300,000 km² (115,831 sq mi) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Peso | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Mexico United States
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| Later moved to Guerrero, Tamaulipas, and in March 1840 to Victoria, Texas until disestablishment. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
The Republic of the Rio Grande (Spanish: República del Río Grande) was an independent nation that insurgents against the Central Mexican Government sought to establish in northern Mexico. The Republic of the Rio Grande was just one of a series of independence movements in Mexico under Santa Anna's government, including the Texan Revolution, the Republic of Zacatecas, and the Republic of Yucatán. The rebellion lasted from January 17 to November 6, 1840.
After a decade of strife, Mexico won its independence from the Kingdom of Spain in 1821. After a failed attempt at a monarchy, Mexico adopted a new constitution, the 1824 Constitution. This new constitution established los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, or "the United Mexican States," as a federal republic. During the war for independence, many rebels were driven to Coahuila and Nuevo León, where this revolutionary mentality won the hearts and minds of the people.
In 1833, General Antonio López de Santa Anna was elected to his first term as president and was, at the time of his election, in support of the federal republic. However, after some members of government angered Santa Anna's political allies, Santa Anna decided to start a centralized government. Santa Anna suspended the constitution, disbanded Congress and made himself the center of power in Mexico. States were converted into departments without political or fiscal autonomy by replacing elected governors with appointed ones and substituting state assemblies for juntas under Santa Anna's policies. Dismayed by these policies and the perception that the government was deaf to the complaints and plight of the villagers in the North, republic leaders aimed to expel the government-appointed centralist officials and restore the Constitution of 1824. On November 3, 1838, one of the republic leaders, Antonio Canales, issued a pronunciamiento against the government and in favor of federalism.
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