Republic of Afghanistan (1987 - 1992)
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Motto کارگران جهان متحد شوید (Dari) Kârgarân-e jahân mottahed šavid! (transliteration) (Working men of all nations, unite!) |
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Anthem Garam shah lā garam shah گرم شه, لا گرم شه |
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| Capital | Kabul | |||||||||
| Languages |
Dari Pashto |
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| Religion | Islam (from 1980) | |||||||||
| Demonym | Afghan | |||||||||
| Government |
Unitary Marxist-Leninist one-party socialist republic (1979–87) Unitary Islamic-socialist dominant-party republic (1987–92) See Political system below |
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| General Secretary | ||||||||||
| • | 1978–1979 | Nur Muhammad Taraki (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1986–1992 | Mohammad Najibullah (last) | ||||||||
| Head of State | ||||||||||
| • | 1978–1979 | Nur Muhammad Taraki (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1992 | Abdul Rahim Hatif (last) | ||||||||
| Head of Government | ||||||||||
| • | 1978–1979 | Nur Muhammad Taraki (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1990–1992 | Fazal Haq Khaliqyar (last) | ||||||||
| Legislature | Revolutionary Council | |||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | |||||||||
| • | Saur Revolution | 27–28 April 1978 | ||||||||
| • | Government established | 30 April 1978 | ||||||||
| • | Soviet intervention | 27 December 1979 | ||||||||
| • | Soviet withdrawal | 15 February 1989 | ||||||||
| • | Fall of Kabul | 28 April 1992 | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||
| • | 1992 | 647,500 km2 (250,000 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||
| • | 1992 est. | 13,811,900 | ||||||||
| Density | 21/km2 (55/sq mi) | |||||||||
| Currency | Afghani (AFA) | |||||||||
| Calling code | +93 | |||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Afghanistan
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The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA; Dari: جمهوری دمکراتی افغانستان, Jumhūri-ye Dimukrātī-ye Afġānistān; Pashto: دافغانستان دمکراتی جمهوریت, Dǝ Afġānistān Dimukratī Jumhūriyat), renamed in 1987 to the Republic of Afghanistan (Dari: جمهوری افغانستان; Jumhūrī-ye Afġānistān; Pashto: د افغانستان جمهوریت, Dǝ Afġānistān Jumhūriyat), commonly known as Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: افغانستان, Afġānistān), existed from 1978 to 1992 and covers the period when the socialist People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) ruled Afghanistan.
The PDPA came to power through a coup known as the Saur Revolution, which ousted the government of Mohammad Daoud Khan. Daoud was succeeded by Nur Muhammad Taraki as head of state and government on 30 April 1978. Taraki and Hafizullah Amin, the organiser of the Saur Revolution, introduced several contentious reforms during their rule, the most notable being equal rights to women, universal education and land reform. Soon after taking power a power struggle began between the Khalq faction led by Taraki and Amin and the Parcham faction led by Babrak Karmal. The Khalqists won and the Parchamites were purged from the party. The most prominent Parcham leaders were exiled to the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union.
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