Pratitya-samutpada
| Translations of Pratītyasamutpāda |
|
|---|---|
| English | dependent origination, dependent arising, interdependent co-arising, conditioned arising, etc. |
| Pali | paṭiccasamuppāda (Dev: पटिच्चसमुप्पाद) |
| Sanskrit | pratītyasamutpāda (Dev: प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद) |
| Bengali | প্রতীত্যসমুৎপাদ prôtityôsômutpadô |
| Burmese | ပဋိစ္စ သမုပ္ပါဒ် IPA: [bədeiʔsa̰ θəmouʔpaʔ] |
| Chinese |
緣起 (Pinyin: yuánqǐ) |
| Japanese |
縁起 (rōmaji: engi) |
| Sinhala | |
| Tibetan |
རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེ ལ་བར་འབྱུང་བ་ (Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba THL: ten-ching drelwar jungwa) |
| Glossary of Buddhism | |
Pratītyasamutpāda (Sanskrit: प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद; Pali: पटिच्चसमुप्पाद paṭiccasamuppāda), commonly translated as dependent origination, or dependent arising, states that all dharmas ("things") arise in dependence upon other dharmas: "if this exists, that exists; if this ceases to exist, that also ceases to exist." It is a pragmatic teaching, which is applied to dukkha (suffering, unease) and the cessation of dukkha.
The principle is applied in the twelve links of dependent origination doctrine in Buddhism, which describes the chain of causes which result in rebirth and dukkha. By breaking the chain, liberation from this endless cycles of rebirth and dukkha can be attained. Everything except nirvana (nibbana) are the consequence of Pratītyasamutpāda, asserts Buddhism. This principle complements its teachings of anicca and anatta.
Pratityasamutpada (Sanskrit: प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद) consists of two terms:
The term has been translated into English variously as dependent origination, dependent arising, interdependent co-arising, conditioned arising, and conditioned genesis.
The term may also refer to the Twelve Nidānas, the twelvefold chain that describes the chain of endless rebirth in Saṃsāra (Buddhism). Generally speaking, in the Mahayana tradition, pratityasamutpada (Sanskrit) is used to refer to the general principle of interdependent causation, whereas in the Theravada tradition, paticcasamuppāda (Pali) is used to refer to the twelve nidanas.
According to Alex Wayman, the idea of "dependent origination" may precede the birth of the Buddha, and the first four causal links starting with Avidya in the Twelve Nidanas are found in cosmic development theory of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad and other older Vedic texts. Terms synonymous to Pratītyasamutpāda are Apekṣhasamutpāda and Prāpyasamutpāda.
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