Politics of Czechoslovakia
| Czechoslovakia | ||||||||||||||||
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Československo Česko‑Slovensko |
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 Lesser coat of arms (1918–1960)
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Motto "Pravda vítězí / Pravda víťazí" (Czech / Slovak, 1918–1990) "Veritas vincit" (Latin, 1990–1992) "Truth prevails" |
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Anthem
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 Location and extent of Czechoslovakia in Europe
before and after World War II. |
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| Capital | Prague (Praha) | |||||||||||||||
| Languages | Czech · Slovak · German · Yiddish · Ruthenian | |||||||||||||||
| Demonym | Czechoslovak | |||||||||||||||
| Government | Republic | |||||||||||||||
| President | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1918–1935 | Tomáš G. Masaryk | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1935–1938 · 1945–1948 | Edvard Beneš | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1938–1939 | Emil Hácha | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1948–1953 | Klement Gottwald | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1953–1957 | |||||||||||||||
| • | 1957–1968 | Antonín Novotný | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1968–1975 | Ludvík Svoboda | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1975–1989 | Gustáv Husák | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1989–1992 | Václav Havel | ||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1918–1919 (first) | Karel Kramář | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1992 (last) | Jan Stráský | ||||||||||||||
| Historical era | 20th century | |||||||||||||||
| • | Independence | 28 October 1918 | ||||||||||||||
| • | German occupation | 1939 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Liberation | 9 May 1945 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Coup d'etat | 25 February 1948 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Velvet Revolution | Nov–Dec 1989 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Dissolution | 31 December 1992 | ||||||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1921 | 140,446 km2 (54,227 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1992 | 127,900 km2 (49,400 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1921 est. | 13,607,385 | ||||||||||||||
| Density | 97/km2 (251/sq mi) | |||||||||||||||
| • | 1992 est. | 15,600,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Density | 122/km2 (316/sq mi) | |||||||||||||||
| Currency | Czechoslovak koruna | |||||||||||||||
| Internet TLD | .cs | |||||||||||||||
| Calling code | +42 | |||||||||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Czech Republic Slovakia Ukraine
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| Calling code +42 was withdrawn in the winter of 1997. The number range was divided between the Czech Republic (+420) and Slovak Republic (+421). | ||||||||||||||||
| Current ISO 3166-3 code is "CSHH". | ||||||||||||||||
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia/ˌtʃɛkoʊsloʊˈvækiə, -kə-, -slə-, -ˈvɑː-/ (Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic on 1 January 1993.
From 1939 to 1945, following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, the state did not de facto exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate.
From 1948 to 1990, Czechoslovakia was part of the Soviet bloc with a command economy. Its economic status was formalized in membership of Comecon from 1949, and its defense status in the Warsaw Pact of May 1955. A period of political liberalization in 1968, known as the Prague Spring, was forcibly ended when the Soviet Union, assisted by several other Warsaw Pact countries, invaded. In 1989, as Marxist–Leninist governments and communism were ending all over Europe, Czechoslovaks peacefully deposed their government in the Velvet Revolution; state price controls were removed after a period of preparation. In 1993, Czechoslovakia split into the two sovereign states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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