Pact of Biak-na-Bato
Filipino revolutionaries exiled to Hong Kong. Sitting on Emilio Aguinaldo's right is Lt. Col. Miguel Primo de Rivera, nephew and aide-de-camp of Fernando Primo de Rivera and father of Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera. Standing behind Aguinaldo is Col. Gregorio del Pilar. Miguel was held hostage until Aguinaldo's indemnity was paid. Standing behind Miguel and to his right is Pedro Paterno.
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| Type | Peace treaty, General Amnesty |
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| Signed | December 14, 1897 |
| Location | San Miguel, Bulacan in Luzon Island, Philippines |
| Signatories |
 Spain Philippines
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| Languages | Spanish, Tagalog |
The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 14, 1897, created a truce between Spanish colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution. Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries were given amnesty and monetary indemnity by the Spanish Government, in return for which the revolutionary government would go into exile in Hong Kong. Aguinaldo had decided to use the money to purchase advance firearms and ammunition later on return to the archipelago.
The pact was signed in San Miguel, Bulacan, in the house of Pablo Tecson, a Philippine revolutionary captain who served as Brigadier General in the 'Brigada Del Pilar' (military troop) of General Gregorio del Pilar during the Revolution.
According to Aguinaldo, writing in 1899, the principal conditions of the pact were:
According to historian Teodoro Agoncillo, the pact was made up of three documents which together came to be known as the Truce of Biak-na-Bató and which provided, among other things:
According to historian Sonia M. Zaide, the agreement consisted of three parts:
In accordance with the first part of the pact, Aguinaldo and twenty five other top officials of the revolution were banished to Hong Kong with $400,000 (Filipino) in their possession. The rest of the men received $200,000 (Mexican), but the third installment was never received. General amnesty was never declared because sporadic skirmishes continued.
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