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PSLV

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
PSLV.svg
Model of the standard PSLV rocket
Function Medium lift launch system
Manufacturer ISRO
Country of origin India
Cost per launch PSLV-CA ₹90 crore($15M)
Size
Height 44 metres (144 ft)
Diameter 2.8 metres (9 ft 2 in)
Mass PSLV-G: 295,000 kg (650,000 lb)
PSLV-CA: 230,000 kg (510,000 lb)
PSLV-XL: 320,000 kg (710,000 lb)
Stages 4
Capacity
Payload to LEO(620 km) 3,800 kg (8,400 lb)
Payload to SSO(620 km) 1,750 kg (3,860 lb)
Payload to Sub-GTO/GTO 1,425 kg (3,142 lb)
Launch history
Status Active
Launch sites Sriharikota
Total launches 39
PSLV-G: 12
PSLV-CA: 11
PSLV-XL: 16
Successes 37
PSLV-G: 10
PSLV-CA: 11
PSLV-XL: 16
Failures 1 (PSLV-D1)
Partial failures 1 (PSLV-C1)
First flight PSLV: 20 September 1993
PSLV-CA: 23 April 2007
PSLV-XL: 22 October 2008
Notable payloads Chandrayaan-1, Mars Orbiter Mission, Astrosat, SRE-1, NAVIC
Boosters (PSLV-G) - S9
No. boosters 6
Thrust 510 kN (110,000 lbf)
Specific impulse 262 s (2.57 km/s)
Burn time 44 seconds
Fuel Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
Boosters (PSLV-XL) - S12
No. boosters 6
Thrust 719 kN (162,000 lbf)
Specific impulse 262 s (2.57 km/s)
Burn time 49 seconds
Fuel Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
First stage
Propellant mass 138,000 kg (304,000 lb)
Motor S139
Thrust 4,800 kN (1,100,000 lbf)
Specific impulse 237 s (2.32 km/s) (sea level)
269 s (2.64 km/s) (vacuum)
Burn time 105 seconds
Fuel Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
Second stage
Engines 1 Vikas
Thrust 799 kN (180,000 lbf)
Specific impulse 293 s (2.87 km/s)
Burn time 158 seconds
Fuel N2O4/UDMH
Third stage
Motor HPS3
Thrust 240 kN (54,000 lbf)
Specific impulse 295 s (2.89 km/s)
Burn time 83 seconds
Fuel Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene
Fourth stage
Engines 2 x L-2-5
Thrust 15.2 kN (3,400 lbf)
Specific impulse 308 s (3.02 km/s)
Burn time 425 seconds
Fuel MMH/MON

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, commonly known by its abbreviation PSLV, is an expendable launch system developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into Sun-synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV, commercially available only from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO).

In 2015 India successfully launched 17 foreign satellites belonging to Canada, Indonesia, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States. Some notable payloads launched by PSLV include India's first lunar probe Chandrayaan-1, India's first interplanetary mission, Mangalyaan (Mars orbiter) and India's first space observatory, Astrosat.

On 15 February 2017, India successfully launched a payload of 104 foreign satellites in polar orbit around the Earth using PSLV tripling the previous record held by Russia for most number of satellites sent to space in a single launch.

PSLV was designed and developed in the early 1990s at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The inertial systems are developed by ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) at Thiruvananthapuram. The liquid propulsion stages for the second and fourth stages of PSLV as well as the reaction control systems are developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC) at Mahendragiri near Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu. The solid propellant motors are processed at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SHAR)at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh which also carries out launch operations.


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