Nurhaci
| Nurhaci | |||||||||||||
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| Khan of the Later Jin dynasty | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 17 February 1616 – 30 September 1626 | ||||||||||||
| Predecessor | None (dynasty established) |
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| Successor | Hong Taiji | ||||||||||||
| 1st Emperor of the Qing dynasty | |||||||||||||
| Predecessor | None (awarded posthumously) |
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| Successor | Hong Taiji | ||||||||||||
| Born | 21 February 1559 | ||||||||||||
| Died | 30 September 1626 (aged 67) Ningyuan, Manchuria |
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| Spouse | Consort Yuan Consort Ji Empress Xiaocigao Empress Xiaoliewu Grand Consort Shoukang Lady Irgen-Gioro Lady Yehenara Lady Joogiya Lady Niohuru Lady Silin-Gioro Lady Giyamuhut-Gioro Lady Irgen-Gioro Ajigen Deyinze |
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| Issue |
Cuyen Daišan Abai Tangguldai Manggūltai Tabai Abatai Hong Taiji Babutai Degelei Babuhai Ajige Laimbu Dorgon Dodo Fiyanggu Princess Dongguo Princess Nunje Mangguji Mukushen four other daughters |
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| House | Aisin Gioro | ||||||||||||
| Father | Taksi | ||||||||||||
| Mother | Lady Hitara | ||||||||||||
| Full name | |
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Chinese: Aixin-Jueluo Nǔ'ěrhāchì 努爾哈赤 Manchu: ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ ᡥᠠᠯᠠ ᡳ ᠨᡠᡵᡤᠠᠴᡳ Aisin Gioro hala-i Nurgaci Aisin Giuro hala-i Nurgaqi Mongolian: ᠲᠩᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡᠲᠦ Тэнгэрийн сүлдэт |
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| Era name and dates | |
| Tianming (天命; Abkai fulingga): 1616–1626 | |
| Posthumous name | |
| Chéngtiān Guǎngyùn Shèngdé Shéngōng Zhàojì Lìjí Rénxiào Ruìwǔ Duānyì Qīn'ān Hóngwén Dìngyè Gāo Huángdì 承天廣運聖德神功肇紀立極仁孝睿武端毅欽安弘文定業高皇帝 Manchu: Dergi hūwangdi |
Nurhaci (Manchu: ᠨᡠᡵᡤᠠᠴᡳ; Möllendorff: Nurgaci; Abkai: Nurgaqi; simplified Chinese: 努尔哈赤; traditional Chinese: 努爾哈赤; pinyin: Nǔ'ěrhāchì; alternatively Nurhachi; 21 February 1559 – 30 September 1626) was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. Nurhaci was part of the Aisin Gioro clan, and reigned from 1616 to his death in September 1626.
Nurhaci reorganised and united various Jurchen tribes (the later "Manchu"), consolidated the Eight Banners military system, and eventually launched attacks on Ming China and Joseon Korea. His conquest of Ming China's northeastern Liaoning province laid the groundwork for the conquest of the rest of China by his descendants, who founded the Qing dynasty in 1644. He is also generally credited with ordering the creation of a new written script for the Manchu language based on the Mongolian vertical script.
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