Northern Liao dynasty
| Northern Liao | ||||||||||
| 北遼 | ||||||||||
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| Capital | Not specified | |||||||||
| Religion | Tengrism, Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Chinese folk religion | |||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||
| Emperor | ||||||||||
| • | 1122 | Emperor Xuanzong | ||||||||
| • | 1123 | Emperor Yingzong | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Established | 1122 1122 | ||||||||
| • | Emperor Yingzong was killed | 1123 1123 | ||||||||
| Currency | Chinese cash, Chinese coin, copper coins etc. | |||||||||
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Northern Liao (simplified Chinese: 北辽; traditional Chinese: 北遼; pinyin: Běi Liáo) was a state created by the Khitans, separate from the Liao dynasty, in northern China around Nanjing (today's Beijing) and Zhongjing (today's Ningcheng). The state in Nanjing only existed for about nine months in 1122–1123. A further Northern Liao dynasty existed briefly in 1123.
When the Emperor Tianzuo of Liao fled to the west under the military pressure of the Jurchens of the Jin dynasty, he appointed Yelü Chun (1062–1122, a grandson of Emperor Xingzong of Liao), Prince of Yan, as the Governor of Nanjing (Nanjing Liushou) (should not be confused with today's Nanjing). Yelü Chun however was enthroned as the Emperor Tianxi in March 1122 (Chinese calendar). Since Liao dynasty of the Emperor Tianzuo still existed, the state at Nanjing was called Northern Liao by historians.
Yelü Chun's era name was Jianfu. He defeated the attack of the Song army, led by Tong Guan. He died in June 1122 (Chinese calendar), with temple name Xuanzong and posthumous name Xiaozhang.
Yelü Chun was succeeded nominally by Prince of Qin, Yelü Ding. However, since Yelü Ding was in hiding with his father Emperor Tianzuo, the Empress Dowager Xiao Defei (蕭德妃) was enthroned as regent for the Prince of Qin, with the new era name Dexing. The Khitans under the command of Xiao Gan and Yelü Dashi were able to repulse attacks by the Song forces, but the Jurchens led by Aguda continued to advanced south toward Nanjing. In December 1122 (Chinese calendar, probably early 1123 in Western calendar), the city of Nanjing surrendered to the Jin army, ending the brief existence of Northern Liao in Nanjing. Just before the Jurchen conquest, Yelü Dashi led 7000 of his troops to rejoin Emperor Tianzuo in the western region, taking the empress with him. The empress Xiao Defei was however executed by Emperor Tianzuo.
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