Yelü Dashi
| Yelü Dashi 耶律大石 |
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| Emperor of Qara Khitai | |||||||||||||
| Reign | 1124–1143 | ||||||||||||
| Successor | Tabuyan | ||||||||||||
| Born | 1087 | ||||||||||||
| Died | 1143 | ||||||||||||
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| Posthumous name | |
| Tianyouwuliedi (天祐武烈帝 Tiānyòuwǔlièdì) | |
| Temple name | |
| Dezong (德宗 Dézōng) |
Yelü Dashi (Chinese: 耶律大石; pinyin: Yēlǜ Dàshí; alternatively 耶律達實 Yēlǜ Dáshí), or Yeh-Lü Ta-Shih (r. 1124–1143) was the founder of the Qara Khitai or Western Liao dynasty. He was also known in Muslim sources as Nūshī Taifū, Qushqin Taifū or Qushqīn, son of Baighū.
Yelü Dashi was a member of the Khitan royal family, the eighth generation descendent of Abaoji, the founder of the Liao dynasty which ruled areas of Inner Mongolia, Outer Mongolia, and Manchuria since the tenth century. He was born in perhaps 1087. He was described in Liao Shi (History of Liao) as "well-versed in Khitan and Chinese scripts, excelled in riding and archery, and had passed the highest imperial examination in the fifth year of the Tianqing era" (1115 AD). He held various offices in the Liao administration, and rose to become a military commander.
The Jurchens, a Tungus people native to Manchuria, established the Jin dynasty in 1115 and began to dominate Manchuria. The Jurchens formed an alliance with the Song dynasty Chinese to attack the Liao, and by 1122 the Jurchens had captured large part of Liao, including its supreme capital. The Liao emperor Tianzuo fled to the Western region, and his uncle Prince Yelü Chun then formed the short-lived Northern Liao in its southern capital Nanjing (today's Beijing). The Song forces under the command of Tong Guan attacked Northern Liao from the south, but under the command of Dashi and Xiao Gan, the Khitan army was able to repel the Song attacks. However, the Jurchens continued to advance from the north, and eventually captured the southern capital in 1123. Just before the Jurchen takeover, Dashi slipped away with 7000 of his troops to join the Emperor Tianzuo.
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Wikipedia