Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

Нахчыван Мухтар Совет Сосјалист Республикасы (Azerbaijani)

Naxçıvan Muxtar Sovet Sosyalist Respublikası

Autonomous unit of the Azerbaijan SSR

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1921–1990

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Flag	Coat of arms

Location of the Nakhichevan ASSR between Iran and
the Armenian SSR.

Modern subdivisions of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.

Capital

Nakhichevan
39°12′N 45°24′E / 39.200°N 45.400°ECoordinates: 39°12′N 45°24′E / 39.200°N 45.400°E

Government

Republic

Historical era

20th century

•

Soviet Republic of
Nakhichevan established^a

July 1920

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Nakhichevan ASSR
established

16 March 1921

•

Treaty of Kars

13 October 1921

•

Transcaucasian SFSR

1922–36

•

Transferred to the
Azerbaijan SSR

9 February 1924

•

Independence declared

January 1990

•

Nakhchivan Autonomous
Republic

19 November 1990

Today part of

Azerbaijan

a. Whilst the 11th Soviet Red Army occupied land under de facto control of the Democratic Republic of Armenia in 1920, the territory was theoretically under British occupation (replacing Ottoman occupation). De jure, the former Nakhichevan Khanate had passed to the Russian Empire after the 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay, while the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic had been replaced by competing claims from the Democratic Republic of Armenia and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. In addition, the Azeri Republic of Aras had also declared Nakhichevan as its territory.

The Nakhichevan ASSR (Nakhichevan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic; Azerbaijani: Нахчыван Мухтар Совет Сосјалист Республикасы Naxçıvan Muxtar Sovet Sosyalist Respublikası) was an autonomous republic within the Azerbaijan SSR, itself a republic within the Soviet Union. It was formed on 16 March 1921 and became a part of the Azerbaijan SSR proper on 9 February 1924.

In the 1940s, when the Azerbaijani Latin alphabet was being replaced by Cyrillic, the flag (shown in the infobox) is presumed to have fallen out of use, being replaced by a Soviet flag with "Нахчыван МССР" in gold and a dark blue bar along the fess.

In the final year of World War I, Nakhchivan was the scene of more bloodshed between Armenians and Azerbaijanis, who both laid claim to the area. By 1914, the Armenian population had decreased slightly to 40% while the Azeri population increased to roughly 60%. After the February Revolution, the region was under the authority of the Special Transcaucasian Committee of the Russian Provisional Government and subsequently of the short-lived Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. When the TDFR was dissolved in May 1918, Nakhchivan, Nagorno-Karabakh, Zangezur (today the Armenian province of Syunik), and Qazakh were heavily contested between the newly formed and short-lived states of the Democratic Republic of Armenia (DRA) and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (ADR). In June 1918, the region came under Ottoman occupation. The Ottomans proceeded to massacre 10,000 Armenians and razed 45 of their villages to the ground. Under the terms of the Armistice of Mudros, the Ottomans agreed to pull their troops out of the Transcaucasus to make way for the forthcoming British military presence.

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Wikipedia