Mongol invasions of Vietnam

Mongol-Vietnamese Wars
Part of the Mongol invasions
The Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288) during the Third Mongol invasion
Date 1258, 1285 and 1287-88 Location Đại Việt and Champa Result Decisive Vietnam victory To avoid further conflict, Đại Việt and Champa agreed to a tributary relationship with the Yuan dynasty The capital city of the Tran was sacked by the Mongols three times Huge fiscal loss suffered by all parties
Belligerents
Mongol Empire (1258) Yuan dynasty (1285 and 1287-88)	Đại Việt under the Trần dynasty Champa
Commanders and leaders
Möngke Khan Kublai Khan Uriyangkhadai Aju Sodu Toghan Umar (Omar) (son of Nasr al-Din (Yunnan)) Abachi Fanji Aqatai Arikhgiya	Trần Thái Tông Trần Thánh Tông Trần Nhân Tông Trần Hưng Đạo Trần Quang Khải Jaya Indravarman VI
Strength
about 55,000 in 1257 about 500,000 in 1285 More than 500,000 in 1287-88	Đại Việt more than 200,000-300,000 people in 1285; Champa about 60,000 people
Casualties and losses
Entire army (Navy, Cavalry and Infantry destroyed)	More than 50,000-100,000 including elders, women and children killed (non-military)

Decisive Vietnam victory

Mongol Empire (1258)

Đại Việt under the Trần dynasty

The Mongol invasions of Vietnam or Mongol-Vietnamese War refer to the three times that the Mongol Empire and its chief khanate the Yuan dynasty invaded Đại Việt (now northern Vietnam) during the Trần dynasty and Champa: in 1258, 1285, and 1287–88. Although ultimately a failure for the Mongols, both the Trần dynasty and Champa decided to accept the nominal supremacy of the Yuan dynasty in order to avoid further conflicts.

By the 1250s, the Mongol Empire controlled large amounts of Eurasia including much of Eastern Europe, Anatolia, North China, Mongolia, Manchuria, Central Asia, Tibet and Southwest Asia. Möngke Khan (r. 1251–59) planned to attack the Song dynasty in South China from three directions in 1259. Therefore, he ordered the prince Kublai to pacify the Dali Kingdom. After subjugating Dali, Kublai sent one column under Uriyangkhadai to the southeast. Uriyangkhadai sent envoys to demand the submission of Đại Việt, but the Trần rulers imprisoned the Mongol envoys. This action led Uriyangkhadai and his son Aju to invade Đại Việt with 40,000 Mongols and 10,000 Yi people.

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Wikipedia