Trần Nhân Tông
| Trần Nhân Tông 陳仁宗 |
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| Emperor of Đại Việt | |||||||||||||||||
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| Emperor of Trần dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 1278–1293 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Trần Thánh Tông | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Trần Anh Tông | ||||||||||||||||
| Retired Emperor of Trần dynasty | |||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 1294–1308 | ||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Trần Thánh Tông | ||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Trần Anh Tông | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | 7 December 1258 Thăng Long, Đại Việt |
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| Died | 16 December 1308 Yên Tử Mountain, Đại Việt |
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| Burial | Đức Lăng | ||||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Empress Bảo Thánh Empress Tuyên Từ |
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| Issue | Crown Prince Trần Thuyên Prince Huệ Vũ Trần Quốc Chẩn Princess Huyền Trân |
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| House | Trần dynasty | ||||||||||||||||
| Father | Trần Thánh Tông | ||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Empress Thiên Cảm | ||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Buddhism | ||||||||||||||||
| Full name | |
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| Trần Khâm | |
| Era dates | |
| Thiệu Bảo (1278–1285) Trùng Hưng (1285–1293) |
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| Posthumous name | |
| Pháp-thiên Sùng-đạo Ứng-thế Hoa-dân Long-từ Hiển-huệ Thánh-văn Thần-vũ Nguyên-minh Duệ-hiếu Emperor | |
| Temple name | |
| Nhân Tông |
| Trần Nhân Tông | |
| Vietnamese name | |
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| Vietnamese | Trần Nhân Tông |
| Hán-Nôm | |
| Trần Nhân Tông |
Trần Nhân Tông (7 December 1258–16 December 1308), given name Trần Khâm, was the third emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigning over Đại Việt from 1278 to 1293. After ceding the throne to his son Trần Anh Tông, Nhân Tông held the title Retired Emperor (Vietnamese: Thái thượng hoàng) from 1294 to his death in 1308. During the second and third Mongol invasions of Đại Việt, the Emperor Nhân Tông and his father the Retired Emperor Thánh Tông were credited as the supreme commanders who led the Trần dynasty to the final victories and since established a long period of peace and prosperity over the country.
Trần Nhân Tông was born on November 11 of the lunar calendar 1258 as Trần Khâm, the first son of the Emperor Trần Thánh Tông, who had been ceded the throne by Trần Thái Tông for only eight months, and Empress Thiên Cảm Trần Thị Thiều. It was said that the newborn Trần Khâm was so fine that his grandfather Thái Tông and father Thánh Tông named him as Kim Tiên đồng tử (Pupil of the Heavenly Kim Tiên). Prince Trần Khâm was entitled as Crown Prince of the Trần dynasty in December 1274, he had a younger brother, Prince Tá Thiên Trần Đức Việp (born in 1265) and an elder sister, Princess Thiên Thụy, who would die on the same day as her brother Nhân Tông. Always concerned with the education of his son, in 1274, Trần Thánh Tông appointed the prominent mandarin and general Lê Phụ Trần in the position of the crown prince's professor with two famous scholars Nguyễn Sĩ Cố and Nguyễn Thánh Huấn as assistants, the Emperor himself also composed poems and a literary work named Di hậu lục to educate prince Trần Khâm.
On the 22nd of the tenth lunar month (November 5) 1278, Trần Thánh Tông decided to cede the throne to the Crown Prince Trần Khâm, now Trần Nhân Tông, and held the title Retired Emperor. After the coronation, Nhân Tông changed the era name to Thiệu Bảo (, 1278–1285), during his reign, the emperor had one more era name which was Trùng Hưng (, 1285–1293). Although passing the throne to his son, Thánh Tông continued to co-rule the country with Nhân Tông from 1279 to his death in 1290.
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Wikipedia