Mongol invasion of Vietnam

Mongol invasions of Đại Việt and Champa
Part of the Mongol invasions
The Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288) during the Third Mongol invasion
Date 1258, 1285 and 1287–88 Location Đại Việt and Champa Result Decisive Đại Việt/Champa Victory, Strategic Mongol Victory To avoid further conflict, Đại Việt and Champa agreed to a tributary relationship with the Yuan dynasty The capital city of the Tran was sacked by the Mongols three times Huge fiscal loss suffered by all parties
Belligerents
Mongol Empire (1258) Yuan dynasty (1285 and 1287–88)	Đại Việt under the Trần dynasty Champa
Commanders and leaders
Möngke Khan Kublai Khan Uriyangkhadai Aju Sodu Toghan () Umar bin Nasr al-Din (Yunnan) Abachi Fanji Aqatai Arikhgiya	Trần Thái Tông Trần Thánh Tông Trần Nhân Tông Trần Hưng Đạo Trần Quang Khải Jaya Indravarman VI
Strength
3,000 Mongols and 10,000 Yi tribesmen in 1257 Less than 100,000 in 1285 70,000 Yuan troops, 21,000 tribal auxiliaries, 500 ships in 1287–88	Đại Việt more than 200,000–300,000 people in 1285 Champa about 60,000 people
Casualties and losses
Unknown but minimal in 1257 heavy in 1285 and heavy in 1288	unknown

Decisive Đại Việt/Champa Victory, Strategic Mongol Victory

Đại Việt under the Trần dynasty

The Mongol invasions of Vietnam or Mongol-Vietnamese War refer to the three times that the Mongol Empire and its chief khanate the Yuan dynasty invaded Đại Việt during the time of the Trần dynasty, along with Champa: in 1258, 1285, and 1287–88. Although the invasions resulted in disastrous military defeats for the Mongols, both the Trần dynasty and Champa decided to accept the nominal supremacy of the Yuan dynasty in order to avoid further conflicts.

By the 1250s, the Mongol Empire controlled large amounts of Eurasia including much of Eastern Europe, Anatolia, North China, Mongolia, Manchuria, Central Asia, Tibet and Southwest Asia. Möngke Khan (r. 1251–59) planned to attack the Song dynasty in South China from three directions in 1259. Therefore, he ordered the prince Kublai to pacify the Dali Kingdom. After subjugating Dali, Kublai sent one column under Uriyangkhadai to the southeast. Uriyangkhadai sent envoys to demand the submission of Đại Việt, but the Trần rulers imprisoned the Mongol envoys. This action led Uriyangkhadai and his son Aju to invade Đại Việt with 40,000 Mongols and 10,000 Yi people.

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Wikipedia