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Mohammad Shah

Muhammad Shah
Muhammad Shah
Muhammad Shah
12th Mughal Emperor
Reign 27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748
Coronation 29 September 1719 at Tajpur, now Samastipur district, Darbhanga division, Bihar, India
Predecessor Shah Jahan II
Successor Ahmad Shah Bahadur
Regent Syed Brothers (1719–1722)
Born 17 August 1702
Fatehpur, Mughal Empire
Died 26 April 1748 (aged 45)
Delhi, Mughal Empire
Burial Mausoleum of Muhammad Shah, Nizamuddin Awliya, Delhi
Consort Badshah Begum
Wives Sahib Mahal
Safiya Sultan Begum
Qudsia Begum
Issue Shahriyar Shah Bahadur
Ahmad Shah Bahadur
Taj Muhammad
Anwer Ali
Badshah Begum
Jahan Afruz Banu Begum
Hazrat Begum Sahiba-uz-Zamani
Full name
Roshan Akhtar Bahadur
Dynasty Timurid
Father Khujista Akhtar Jahan Shah
Mother Qudsiya Begam
Religion Islam
Full name
Roshan Akhtar Bahadur

Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah, Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah Irkhwaz, Abu Al-Fatah Nasir-ud-Din Roshan Akhtar Muhammad Shah (17 August 1702 – 26 April 1748), (محمد شاه) was the Mughal emperor between 1719 and 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. With the help of the Sayyid brothers, he ascended the throne at the young age of 17. He later got rid of them with the help of Asaf Jah I – Syed Hussain Ali Khan was murdered at Fatehpur Sikri in 1720 and Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha was fatally poisoned in 1722. Muhammad Shah was a great patron of the arts, including musical, cultural and administrative developments. His pen-name was Sada Rangila ("ever joyous") and he is often referred to as "Muhammad Shah Rangila".

Although he was a patron of the arts, Muhammad Shah's reign was marked by rapid and irreversible decline of the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was already decaying, but the invasion by Nader Shah of Persia and the subsequent sacking of Delhi, the Mughal capital, greatly accelerated the pace. The course of events not only shocked and mortified the Mughals themselves, but also foreign invaders, including the British.

Muhammad Shah was born in 1702 in Ghazna (in modern-day Afghanistan) to Prince Khujista Akhtar, during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. In the year 1707, his grandfather Bahadur Shah I had defeated and eliminated his own brother Muhammad Azam Shah on 19 June 1707 at the Battle of Jajau, during another war of succession that followed after the death of his aged grandfather Bahadur Shah I his father was killed, and the 12-year-old prince and his mother were imprisoned by his uncle Jahandar Shah but spared from death. Handsome and quick to learn, his mother took good care of his education, while his father had enhanced his administrative abilities. Since the overthrow of Farrukhsiyar in 1719 many Mughal Emperors briefly ascended to the throne, but the Sayyid Brothers eventually chose 17-year-old Muhammad Shah to become the new Mughal Emperor.


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