Mexican War (1846)

Mexican–American War
Clockwise from top left: Winfield Scott entering Plaza de la Constitución after the Fall of Mexico City, U.S. soldiers engaging the retreating Mexican force during the Battle of Resaca de la Palma, American victory at Churubusco outside Mexico City, U.S. Marines storming Chapultepec castle under a large American flag, Battle of Cerro Gordo
Date April 25, 1846 – February 3, 1848 (1 year, 9 months, 1 week and 1 day) Location Texas, New Mexico, California; Northern, Central, and Eastern Mexico; Mexico City Result American victory Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexican recognition of U.S. sovereignty over Texas (among other territories) End of the conflict between Mexico and Texas Territorial changes Mexican Cession
Belligerents
United States California Republic	Mexico
Commanders and leaders
James K. Polk Winfield Scott Zachary Taylor Stephen Watts Kearny John Drake Sloat William Jenkins Worth Joseph Lane Franklin Pierce David Conner Matthew Calbraith Perry John Charles Fremont Thomas Childs Henry Stanton Burton William B. Ide Edward Dickinson Baker	Antonio López de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia José María Flores Mariano G. Vallejo Nicolás Bravo José Joaquín de Herrera Andrés Pico Manuel Armijo Martin Perfecto de Cos Pedro Maria de Anaya Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte Joaquín Rea Manuel Pineda Muñoz Gabriel Valencia
Strength
73,532 regulars and volunteers	70,000 regulars 12,000 irregulars
Casualties and losses
1,733 killed in battle (1,721 soldiers, 11 Marines, and 1 sailor) 13,283 total dead 4,152 wounded	5,000 killed in battle 10,000 total military deaths

American victory

The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War and in Mexico the American intervention in Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Mexico) from 1846 to 1848. It followed in the wake of the 1845 American annexation of the independent Republic of Texas, which Mexico still considered its northeastern province and a part of its territory after its de facto secession in the 1836 Texas Revolution a decade earlier.

After its Treaty of Córdoba with obtaining independence in 1821, from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire as New Spain for the past 300 years, and a brief experiment with monarchy, Mexico became a republic in 1824. It was characterized by considerable instability, leaving it ill-prepared for international conflict only two decades later, when war broke out in 1846.Native American raids in Mexico's sparsely settled north in the decades preceding the war prompted the Mexican government to sponsor migration from the U.S. on its northeast border (since 1803 with the Louisiana Purchase from the French Empire (France) of Emperor Napoleon I) to the Mexican province of Texas to create a buffer. However, the newly-named "Texians" revolted against the Mexican government of President/dictator Antonio López de Santa Ana, who had usurped the Mexican Constitution of 1824, in the subsequent 1836 Texas Revolution, creating a republic not recognized by Mexico, which still claimed it as part of its national territory. In 1845, the Texan Republic agreed to an offer of annexation by the U.S. Congress, and became the 28th state in the Union on December 29 that year.

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