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Mesopotamia Campaign

Mesopotamian Campaign
Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
Mesopotamian campaign 6th Army Siege of Kut.png
Ottoman Sixth Army troops at the Siege of Kut.
Date 6 November 1914 – 14 November 1918
(4 years, 1 week and 1 day)
Location Mesopotamia (modern Iraq)
Result Allied victory, Treaty of Sèvres.
Territorial
changes
Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire
Belligerents

British Empire British Empire

Kuwait (1914)
 Ottoman Empire
German Empire German Empire
Commanders and leaders
British Empire John Nixon
British Empire Percy Lake
British Empire Frederick Maude
British Empire Charles Townshend (POW)
Mubarak Al-Sabah
Ottoman Empire Süleyman Askerî Bey
Ottoman Empire Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz (died of typhus)
Ottoman Empire Nureddin Bey
Ottoman Empire Khalil Pasha
Ottoman Empire Kâzım Karabekir
Ottoman Empire Ali İhsan Pasha
Strength

889,702 (total)

  • 447,531 (peak)
c. 450,000
Casualties and losses

85,200 battle casualties

  • 11,008 killed
  • 5,281 died of wounds
  • 2,341 missing
  • 12,879 captured
  • 53,697 wounded

16,712 died of disease
154,343 evacuated sick


Total: 256,000 casualties

~89,500 battle casualties

  • 13,069 killed
  • 56,000 wounded or died of wounds
  • 22,404 captured

Total: 325,000 casualties

British Empire British Empire

889,702 (total)

85,200 battle casualties

16,712 died of disease
154,343 evacuated sick

~89,500 battle casualties

The Mesopotamian campaign was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I fought between the Allies represented by the British Empire, mostly troops from Britain and the Indian Empire, and the Central Powers, mostly of the Ottoman Empire.

The Ottoman Empire had conquered the region in the early 16th century, but never fully gained complete control. Regional pockets of Ottoman control through local proxy rulers maintained the Ottoman's reach throughout Mesopotamia (modern Iraq). With the turn of the 19th century came reforms. Work began on a Baghdad Railway in 1888; by 1915 it had only four gaps, and travel time from Istanbul to Baghdad had fallen to 21 days.

The Anglo-Persian Oil Company had obtained exclusive rights to petroleum deposits throughout the Persian Empire, except in the provinces of Azerbaijan, Ghilan, Mazendaran, Asdrabad, and Khorasan. In 1914, before the war, the British government had contracted with the company for oil for the navy.


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