Mainland Chinese Braille

Chinese Braille ⠓⠩⠆⠓⠡⠂⠀⠍⠦⠂⠒⠂
Type	Semisyllabary
Languages	Standard Mandarin
Parent systems	Night writing Braille Chinese Braille
Print basis	Pinyin, zhuyin

Mainland Chinese Braille
Traditional Chinese	現行盲文
Simplified Chinese	现行盲文
Literal meaning	Current Braille
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Xiànxíng Mángwén

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Xiànxíng Mángwén

(Mainland) Chinese Braille is a braille script used for Standard Mandarin in China. Consonants and basic finals conform to international braille, but additional finals form a semi-syllabary, as in zhuyin (bopomofo). Each syllable is written with up to three Braille cells, representing the initial, final, and tone, respectively. In practice tone is generally omitted as it is in pinyin.

Traditional Chinese Braille is as follows:

Chinese Braille initials generally follow the pinyin assignments of international braille. However, j, q, x are replaced with g, k, h, as the difference is predictable from the final. (This reflects the historical change of g, k, h (and also z, c, s) to j, q, x before i and ü.) The digraphs ch, sh, zh are assigned to ⠟ (its pronunciation in Russian Braille), ⠱ (a common pronunciation in international braille), and ⠌. R is assigned to ⠚, reflecting the old Wade-Giles transcription of ⟨j⟩. (⠗ is used for the final er, the pronunciation of the name of that letter in English Braille.)

The finals approximate international values for several of the basic vowels (⠢ e (o), ⠊ yi, ⠕ wo, ⠥ wu, ⠬ yü, ⠳ you, ⠮ ei), but then necessarily diverge. However, there are a few parallels with other braille alphabets: ⠗ er and ⠽ wai are pronounced like the names of those letters in English braille; ⠑ ye, ⠫ ya, and ⠳ you are pronounced like those letters in Russian Braille. ⠯ yuan, ⠾ yue, ⠣ yin, are similar to the old French pronunciations oin, ieu, in. For the most part, however, Chinese Braille finals do not obviously derive from previous conventions.

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