French Braille
| French Braille |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Type | |
| Languages | French |
| Creator | Louis Braille |
|
Time period
|
1837 |
|
Parent systems
|
night writing
|
|
Print basis
|
French alphabet |
|
Child systems
|
English Braille German Braille Arabic Braille etc., etc. |
| U+2800 to U+283F | |
French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of all others. The alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille convention, used by most braille alphabets around the world. However, only the 25 basic letters of the French alphabet plus w have become internationalized; the additional letters are largely restricted to French Braille and the alphabets of some neighboring European countries.
In numerical order by decade, the letters are:
For the purposes of accommodating a foreign alphabet, ö is considered equivalent to œ, and the letters ì, ä, ò may be added:
Unlike English and German Braille, French Braille only uses the abbreviations and contractions present in the printed orthography.
Punctuation is as follows:
The lower values are readings within numbers (after the Antoine number marker: see below).
Formatting and mode-changing marks are:
As in English Braille, the capital sign is doubled for all caps.
⟨⠢⟩ and ⟨⠔⟩ are used to begin and end emphasis within a word.
The symbol marker combines with a following initial letter to produce the following:
The currency marker combines with a following initial for:
It is also used in comic strips:
The traditional system of digits is to add the number sign ⠼ in front of the letters of the first decade (a–j), with ⠼⠁ being ⟨1⟩ and ⠼⠚ being ⟨0⟩. This is the internationally recognized number system. However, in French Braille a new system, the Antoine braille digits, is used for mathematics and is recommended for all academic publications. This uses ⠠ combined with the first nine letters of the fourth decade, from ⠠⠡ for ⟨1⟩ to ⠠⠪ for ⟨9⟩, with the preceding ⠠⠼ for ⟨0⟩. The period/decimal and fraction bar also change. The Antoine numbers are being promoted in France and Luxembourg, but are not much used in with French Braille in Quebec.
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Wikipedia