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Lower Lorraine

Duchy of Lower Lorraine
Neder-Lotharingen
Part of East Francia until 962
Part of Holy Roman Empire
959/977–1190


Coat of arms

Green: Lower Lorraine after 977
Capital Not specified
Languages Old Dutch
Old Frisian
Old French
Old Low German
Religion Christianity
Government Duchy
Duke
 •  959–964 Godfrey I (first)
 •  1142–1190 Godfrey III (last)
Historical era Middle Ages
 •  Established 959
 •  Disestablished 1190
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Lotharingia
Prince-Bishopric of Liège Wappen Bistum Lüttich.png
Archbishopric of Cologne Wappen Erzbistum Köln.png
Bishopric of Cambrai Cambrai-bisdom.PNG
County of Cleves Cleves Arms.svg
Duchy of Limburg Modern Arms of Limburg.svg
County of Namur Arms of Namur.svg
Duchy of Brabant Royal Arms of Belgium.svg
County of Holland Counts of Holland Arms.svg
Bishopric of Utrecht Coat of Arms of the Bishopric of Utrecht.svg
County of Louvain Armoiries de Vianden 3.svg
Duchy of Guelders Guelders-Jülich Arms.svg
County of Hainaut Hainaut Modern Arms.svg
County of Jülich Jülich-Herzogtum.PNG
County of Berg Bergischer Löwe.svg
County of Loon Loon Arms.svg
Today part of  Belgium
 France
 Germany
 Luxembourg
 Netherlands


Coat of arms

The Duchy of Lower Lorraine or Lower Lotharingia (also referred to sometimes as Lothier or Lottier in titles), established in 959 was a stem duchy of the medieval Kingdom of Germany, which encompassed almost all of the modern-day Netherlands (including Friesland), mid and eastern Belgium, Luxemburg, the northern part of the German Rhineland province and the eastern parts of France's Nord Pas De Calais region.

It was created out of the former Middle Frankish realm of Lotharingia under King Lothair II, that had been established in 855. Lotharingia was divided for much of the later ninth century, reunited under Louis the Younger by the 880 Treaty of Ribemont and upon the death of East Frankish king Louis the Child in 911 it joined West Francia under King Charles the Simple. It then formed a duchy in its own right, and about 925 Duke Gilbert declared homage to the German king Henry the Fowler, an act which King Rudolph of France was helpless to revert. From that time on Lotharingia (or Lorraine) remained a German stem duchy, the border with France did not change throughout the Middle Ages.


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