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Duchy of Guelders

Duchy of Guelders
Hertogdom Gelre (nl)
Herzogtum Geldern (de)
State of the Holy Roman Empire
1096–1795


Coat of arms

Duchy of Guelders and the County of Zutphen, about 1350
Capital Geldern
Government Feudal monarchy
Historical era Middle Ages, Renaissance
 •  Gerard I first
   Count of Guelders
1096
 •  Raised to duchy 1339
 •  Held by Jülich 1393–1423
 •  Acquired by Burgundy 1473
 •  Lower Quarters to
   Dutch Republic
1581
 •  Annexed by France 1795
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Lothringen-Nieder.PNG Lower Lorraine
Burgundian Netherlands


Coat of arms

Guelders or Gueldres (Dutch: Gelre, German: Geldern) is a historical county, later duchy of the Holy Roman Empire, located in the Low Countries.

The duchy was named after the town of Geldern (Gelder) in present-day Germany. Though the present province of Gelderland (English also Guelders) in the Netherlands occupies most of the area, the former duchy also comprised parts of the present Dutch province of Limburg as well as those territories in the present-day German state of North Rhine-Westphalia that were acquired by Prussia in 1713.

Four parts of the duchy had their own centres, as they were separated by rivers:

spatially separated from the Lower Quarters (Gelderland):

The county emerged about 1096, when Gerard III of Wassenberg was first documented as "Count of Guelders". It was then located on the territory of Lower Lorraine, in the area of Geldern and Roermond, with its main stronghold at Montfort (built 1260). Count Gerard's son Gerard II in 1127 acquired the County of Zutphen in northern Hamaland by marriage. In the 12th and 13th century, Guelders quickly expanded downstream along the sides of the Maas, Rhine, and IJssel rivers and even claimed the succession in the Duchy of Limburg, until it lost the 1288 Battle of Worringen against Berg and Brabant.


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