List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty

Monarchs of Egypt and Sudan
Khedivial dynastic coat of arms
Montage of monarchs and their offspring
Details
Style	Wāli unrecognised Khedive of Egypt (1805–1867) Khedive of Egypt (1867–1914) Sultan of Egypt (1914–1922) King of Egypt (1922–1951) King of Egypt and the Sudan (1951–1953)
First monarch	Muhammad Ali Pasha
Last monarch	Fuad II
Formation	18 June 1805
Abolition	18 June 1953
Residence	Cairo Citadel (1805–1874) Abdeen Palace (1874–1952)
Pretender(s)	Fuad II

Monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty reigned over Egypt from 1805 to 1953. Their rule also extended to Sudan throughout much of this period, as well as to the Levant, and Hejaz during the first half of the 19th century. The Muhammad Ali Dynasty was founded by Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian commander in the expeditionary force sent by the Ottoman Empire in 1801 to dislodge the French occupation of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte. The defeat and departure of the French left a power vacuum in Egypt, which had been an Ottoman province since the 16th century, but in which the pre-Ottoman Mamluk military caste maintained considerable power. After a three-year civil war, Muhammad Ali managed to consolidate his control over Egypt, and declared himself Khedive of the country. The Ottoman Porte refused to acknowledge this title, instead recognizing Muhammad Ali by the more junior title of Wāli (meaning governor or viceroy) on 18 June 1805, making Muhammad Ali the successor to Ahmad Khurshid Pasha in that position. In the years following his consolidation of power, Muhammad Ali extended Egypt's borders south into Sudan, and eastwards into the Arab Mashreq, particularly the Levant. In 1840, his demand for hereditary control of Egypt and Sudan to be passed to his heirs and successors was accepted and confirmed by the Convention of London, but he was compelled to agree that, upon his death, control over his territories in the Mashreq would revert to the Porte.